Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'extinction' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates less and less when a bell is repeatedly rung without presenting food.

Question 2

In operant conditioning, which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio schedule

Question 3

According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 4

A child who can solve hypothetical problems and think about abstract concepts is most likely in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 5

Which of the following best describes 'mirror neurons'?

Accepted Answer

Neurons that fire both when performing an action and when observing the same action performed by another

Question 6

Which process in memory involves converting information into a form that can be stored in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Encoding

Question 7

A student studies for two exams scheduled back-to-back and finds it difficult to remember information for the second exam because of material from the first. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference

Question 8

Which term refers to the ability to recover a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 9

According to Kohlberg's theory, which level of moral development is characterized by adherence to laws and social rules to maintain order?

Accepted Answer

Conventional level

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Accepted Answer

Performance increases with arousal up to a point, then decreases if arousal is too high

Question 11

A child who is able to understand conservation of mass and volume but cannot think abstractly is in which Piagetian stage?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew

Question 13

Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of physiological needs in driving behavior?

Accepted Answer

Drive theory

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Question 15

According to Erikson, which stage involves the challenge of developing a sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Question 16

Which term refers to the process of learning by observing and imitating others?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 17

Which of the following best describes 'generalization' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Food

Question 19

Which intelligence theory proposes that intelligence is composed of multiple independent abilities, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial?

Accepted Answer

Multiple intelligences theory

Question 20

A researcher wants to test the effect of reinforcement schedules on learning speed. She uses the formula $$R = \frac{N}{T}$$, where $$R is $$the rate of learning, $$N is $$the number of correct responses, and $$T is $$the time in minutes. If a participant has 40 correct responses in 20 minutes, what is their rate of learning?

Accepted Answer

$$R = \frac{40}{20} = 2$$

Psychology Study Guide: Learning, Memory, Intelligence, Development, and Emotion

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