Question 1

According to the Five-Factor Model of personality by McCrae and Costa, which of the following is NOT one of the five higher-order traits?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Question 2

Freud's psychoanalytic theory divides personality into three components. Which component operates according to the reality principle and mediates between instinctual desires and moral standards?

Accepted Answer

Ego

Question 3

A student who blames their poor exam performance on the teacher's unfair questions, rather than their own lack of preparation, is demonstrating which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Rationalization

Question 4

Which of the following best describes Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious?

Accepted Answer

A set of memory traces inherited from the ancestral past, shared by all humans

Question 5

In classical conditioning, what is the process called when a conditioned response gradually weakens and disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Extinction

Question 6

According to B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning, which of the following scenarios best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student is excused from homework after getting a high test score

Question 7

Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

A person's belief about their ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes

Question 8

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the humanistic perspective on personality?

Accepted Answer

Humans have an innate drive toward personal growth and exercise free will

Question 9

According to Carl Rogers, what is the result when there is a large discrepancy between a person's self-concept and their actual experiences?

Accepted Answer

Incongruence

Question 10

Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that which of the following needs must be satisfied before an individual can pursue self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Physiological and safety needs

Question 11

A person who joins a fraternity to boost their self-esteem is most likely using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Identification

Question 12

Which of the following is a criticism of psychodynamic theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

They are too vague and difficult to test scientifically

Question 13

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of 'mortality salience' as described in Terror Management Theory?

Accepted Answer

A person feels anxious after being reminded of their own death

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between individualism and collectivism?

Accepted Answer

Individualism emphasizes personal goals and attributes, while collectivism emphasizes group goals and identity

Question 15

A person who unconsciously resents their child but showers them with gifts is demonstrating which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation

Question 16

Which of the following is a key contribution of behavioral perspectives to the study of personality?

Accepted Answer

Providing a thorough account of why people are only moderately consistent in their behavior

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement according to Skinner's operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A child is given extra playtime for finishing their homework

Question 18

According to research on narcissism, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Narcissists' behavior is often driven by a need to maintain a fragile self-esteem

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates Bandura's concept of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to tie their shoes by watching their older sibling

Question 20

A person who experiences anxiety when their self-concept is threatened, according to Rogers, is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Have a highly incongruent self-concept

Theories of Personality: Structured Study Notes for Psychology 2035A

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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