Which of the following explains higher Black arrest rates in the United States?

• A. Biological differences are assumed to create greater criminal tendencies among racial groups
• B. Socioeconomic inequality, family structure, and policing practices jointly influence arrest disparities
• C. Differences in crime reporting patterns primarily influence which incidents are brought to the attention of law enforcement
• D. Differences in individual choices and personal responsibility primarily account for arrest disparities

Answer: (B)