You read a name‑discrimination audit where identical resumes with different names yield different callbacks. Which critique addresses causal inference?

• A. Question whether applicant names were randomly assigned and all else held constant
• B. Question whether interviews were transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis
• C. Question whether the study used fieldnotes instead of archival data
• D. Question whether callback rates are reported as percentages instead of raw counts

Answer: (A)