The primary purpose of conducting Tukey pairwise comparisons after a significant ANOVA is to:

• A. Determine whether the assumptions of ANOVA hold by checking residual diagnostics for each individual pairwise contrast.
• B. Estimate the pooled variance for all future experiments without making any conclusions about differences between group means.
• C. Identify which specific group means differ while controlling the overall Type I error rate across all pairwise tests.
• D. Replace the need for ANOVA entirely by testing each pair sequentially without any adjustment to error rates.

Answer: (C)