BackPerforming Hypothesis Tests: Variance definitions
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1/15BackSkip to main contentBackPopulation Variance
Represents the spread of values in an entire population, often denoted as sigma squared. Sample Variance
Measures the variability within a sample, calculated as the average squared deviation from the sample mean. Chi-Square Test Statistic
A value computed to assess claims about variance, using the formula n-1 times sample variance divided by expected variance. Degrees of Freedom
Indicates the number of independent values in a calculation, found by subtracting one from the sample size. Null Hypothesis
A statement asserting that the population variance equals a specified value, serving as the default assumption. Alternative Hypothesis
A claim suggesting the population variance differs from the specified value, often greater or less than. Significance Level
A threshold, denoted as alpha, used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis based on the p-value. P-Value
The probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one calculated, assuming the null hypothesis is true. Random Sample
A subset of data selected so each member of the population has an equal chance of inclusion. Normal Distribution
A symmetric, bell-shaped distribution required for valid variance hypothesis testing. Right Tail Probability
The likelihood that the test statistic exceeds a certain value, relevant for greater-than alternative hypotheses. Test Statistic
A calculated value used to compare observed data with what is expected under the null hypothesis. Hypothesis Test
A procedure for evaluating claims about population parameters using sample data and statistical methods. Sigma Squared
The notation for population variance, representing the average squared deviation from the mean. Alpha
The chosen probability threshold for making decisions in hypothesis testing, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.1.
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