Question 1

A hospital administrator wants to compare the mean recovery times between two groups of patients: those who received a new medication and those who received standard care. Which statistical test is most appropriate for this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Independent t-test

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a systematic review?

Accepted Answer

To gather all available empirical research to answer a specific question

Question 3

A researcher wants to determine if there is a significant association between smoking status (smoker/non-smoker) and the incidence of lung cancer (yes/no) in a population. Which statistical test should be used?

Accepted Answer

Chi-Square Test

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a non-parametric test?

Accepted Answer

Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test

Question 5

A study follows a group of patients over 10 years to observe the long-term effects of a medication. What type of study design is this?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Question 6

Which ethical principle is best described as 'ensuring that participants in a clinical trial are selected without discrimination and that the risk and benefits of participation are distributed fairly among different groups'?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Question 7

A researcher wants to predict the likelihood of a customer making a purchase based on their age, income, and family size. Which statistical method should be used?

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis

Question 8

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the calculation of the sample mean $$\mu$$ for a dataset with $$n$$ observations $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 9

A study is designed to test whether a new teaching method improves test scores compared to the traditional method. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in mean scores. If the p-value is less than 0.05, what is the correct conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Reject the null hypothesis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the purpose of stratification in sampling?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that subgroups within a population are adequately represented

Question 11

Which formula is used to calculate the standard deviation $$s of a $$sample with $$n$$ observations $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$ and sample mean $$\bar{x}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2$}{n-1}}$$

Question 12

A researcher is interested in the effect of age, weight, and family history on the likelihood of developing diabetes. Which statistical method is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Multiple regression analysis

Question 13

Which of the following is a key feature of a case-control study?

Accepted Answer

Participants are selected based on outcome status and past exposures are compared

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Bayesian approach in statistics?

Accepted Answer

It updates beliefs based on new data evidence

Question 15

A researcher wants to compare the means of three unrelated groups. Which statistical test should be used?

Accepted Answer

ANOVA

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a parametric test?

Accepted Answer

Independent t-test

Question 17

Which formula represents the Pearson correlation coefficient $$r$$ for two variables $$X$$ and $$Y$$ with $$n$$ paired observations?

Accepted Answer

$$r = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i - \bar{y})}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2$ \sum_{i=1}^{n} (y_i - \bar{y})^2$}}$$

Question 18

A study is designed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in a city by randomly selecting households and interviewing all adults in each household. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main advantage of using a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

It combines results from multiple studies to increase statistical power

Comprehensive Study Notes: Key Concepts and Methods in Statistics for Health Sciences

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards