Q: Based on the contingency table in the second image, what percentage of third class passengers survived the Titanic disaster? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

$$\frac{178}{706} \times 100 \approx 25\%$$

Question 1

Refer to the first image (Figure 2.2). What is the main problem with the way the Titanic data are displayed in this graphic?

Accepted Answer

The graphic violates the area principle, making the crew appear to be a much larger proportion of the total than they actually are.

Question 2

Based on the contingency table in the second image, what percentage of third class passengers survived the Titanic disaster? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{178}{706} 	imes 100 \approx 25\%$$

Question 3

In the fourth image, what does the value 9.22 in the 'Alive' row and 'First' column represent?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of all people on board the Titanic who were first class passengers and survived.

Question 4

In the sixth image, what does the value 62.46 in the 'Alive' row and 'First' column represent?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of first class passengers who survived.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between 'row percent' and 'column percent' in a contingency table, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Row percent shows the percentage within each row category, while column percent shows the percentage within each column category.

Question 6

According to the pie charts in the twelfth image, which class had the largest number of people on board the Titanic?

Accepted Answer

Crew

Question 7

In the thirteenth image, what is the main error in interpreting the average value shown on the Centreville sign?

Accepted Answer

The average value is meaningless because it combines unrelated quantities (year, population, elevation).

Question 8

When creating a histogram in Minitab, as shown in the last image, what is the difference between selecting 'Frequency' and 'Percent' for the Y-Scale Type?

Accepted Answer

'Frequency' shows the count of cases in each bin, while 'Percent' shows the percentage of cases in each bin.

Question 9

In the context of the Titanic data, what is the main purpose of using a contingency table?

Accepted Answer

To examine the relationship between two categorical variables, such as class and survival status.

Question 10

Why is it important to check the 'area principle' when creating graphical displays of data, as illustrated in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Because the area occupied by a part of the graph should correspond to the magnitude of the value it represents, otherwise it can mislead the viewer.

Displaying and Describing Categorical Data: Titanic Case Study and Contingency Tables

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