Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a smaller group selected from the population.

Question 2

A researcher collects the heights of all students in a university. Is this data a population or a sample?

Accepted Answer

Population

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average salary of every engineer in a country.

Question 4

Which formula represents the sample mean $$\bar{x}$$ for a dataset with $$n$$ observations $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 5

A survey asks every 10th customer entering a store about their shopping habits. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a quantitative data type?

Accepted Answer

The favorite color of students

Question 7

A manager wants to know if a new training program increases productivity. They randomly assign half the employees to the program and compare results. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Question 8

Which of the following is a discrete quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of goals scored by a soccer team in a match

Question 9

A quality control manager inspects every 50th item produced on a factory line. What sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample that has the same proportion of characteristics as the population.

Question 11

A college professor wants feedback from their statistics course and decides to survey 5 random students out of the 20. Which process can be used for generating a simple random sample of 5 out of 20 students?

Accepted Answer

Assign each student a number and use a random number generator to select 5 unique numbers.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of cluster sampling?

Accepted Answer

Randomly select 1 class period in a school and survey every student in the class.

Question 13

A report shows the average (in dollars) spent by each customer at a grocery store. Is this data a population or sample?

Accepted Answer

Sample

Question 14

Which formula represents the population mean $$\mu$$ for a dataset with $$N$$ observations $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_N$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{N} x_i}{N}$$

Question 15

A software company wants to test a new app for fitness and randomly assigns half of its users to use the app and the other half to continue their usual routine. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Question 16

Which of the following is a qualitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The color of a car

Question 17

A manager surveys all registered voters in a country about their voting habits. Is this a parameter or a statistic?

Accepted Answer

Parameter

Question 18

A regional branch manager runs three locations of a chain restaurant and wants to survey a sample of employees working in those locations to improve customer service. Which sampling method would be most appropriate if the manager randomly selects one location and surveys all employees at that location?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 19

Which of the following statements about causation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Experiments are designed to test for causation by manipulating variables.

Elementary Statistics: Introduction, Data Types, and Sampling Methods

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