Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'population' in statistics?

Accepted Answer

The complete collection of all measurements or data being considered.

Question 2

A researcher wants to know the average weight of all students at a university. Instead of weighing every student, she randomly selects 50 students and records their weights. What is the 50 students' group called?

Accepted Answer

Sample

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a voluntary response sample?

Accepted Answer

People choose to answer an online poll about their favorite TV show.

Question 4

A study finds a correlation between eating breakfast and higher test scores. Which of the following is the best interpretation?

Accepted Answer

There is a relationship, but correlation does not imply causation.

Question 5

A survey finds that 28.4% of 352 people like Pepsi. How many people is this?

Accepted Answer

$100$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a misleading conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A study finds a correlation between two variables and claims one causes the other.

Question 7

Convert the decimal $0.36$ to a percent.

Accepted Answer

$36\%$

Question 8

A survey asks: 'Would you say that traffic contributes more or less to air pollution than industry?' 45% blame traffic, 27% blame industry. What is a potential problem with this question?

Accepted Answer

It is a loaded question that may bias responses.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

A result that is unlikely to occur by chance, usually less than 5% probability.

Question 10

Change the fraction $\frac{1}{6}$ to a percent.

Accepted Answer

$17\%$

Question 11

A study shows that if you go on a certain diet, you will lose 4 pounds in a year. Most people would not want to go through a year-long diet to only lose 4 pounds. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A result that is statistically significant but not practically significant

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential pitfall when analyzing data?

Accepted Answer

Reporting sample data instead of measured data

Question 13

Convert $4\%$ to a decimal.

Accepted Answer

$0.004$

Question 14

A survey finds that 30% of 3000 people like math. How many people like math?

Accepted Answer

$900$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of missing data/low response rate?

Accepted Answer

A survey where people refuse to respond because they have different views of the world.

Question 16

Change $2.75$ to a percent.

Accepted Answer

$275\%$

Question 17

Which of the following is a problem with using a voluntary response sample?

Accepted Answer

It is extremely biased and unreliable.

Question 18

A survey asks people to report their weight instead of measuring it. What is a likely issue with this data?

Accepted Answer

The data may be biased because people may not report their true weight.

Question 19

Which of the following is the best way to change a percent to a decimal?

Accepted Answer

Divide the percent by $100$

Question 20

A study uses a sample size of 5 people. What is a potential issue with this?

Accepted Answer

The sample size is too small to be reliable.

Fundamental Concepts and Pitfalls in Statistics: Definitions, Data Analysis, and Working with Percentages

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