Question 1

Which of the following best describes the margin of error in a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

The range of values likely to contain the population parameter, calculated by adding and subtracting a value from the sample statistic.

Question 2

A 95% confidence interval for a population mean is calculated as $[	ext{sample statistic} - 	ext{margin of error},\ 	ext{sample statistic} + 	ext{margin of error}]$. What does the 95% confidence level mean in this context?

Accepted Answer

95% of all possible samples of the same size will produce intervals that contain the true population parameter.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a sample statistic?

Accepted Answer

The average age of 30 randomly selected students from a university.

Question 4

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of all adults in a city. She measures the heights of 100 randomly selected adults. In this scenario, what is the population?

Accepted Answer

All adults in the city.

Question 5

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups and then randomly selecting entire groups to sample?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 6

A convenience sample is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be chosen for ease of access rather than randomness.

Question 7

Which of the following best defines a census in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A collection of data from every member of a population.

Question 8

A random sample is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A sample where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to introduce bias into a study?

Accepted Answer

Selecting participants who are easiest to reach.

Question 10

Suppose a class has 30 students with ages ranging from 17 to 64 years. Which of the following is a population parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average age of all 30 students.

Question 11

A representative sample is important in statistics because:

Accepted Answer

It ensures the sample's characteristics are similar to those of the population.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between a sample and a population?

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of the population from which data are actually obtained.

Question 13

In a medical study, researchers want to estimate the average blood pressure of adults in a city. They select 5 hospitals and measure the blood pressure of all patients in those hospitals. What sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 14

If a sample statistic is 50 and the margin of error is 4, what is the 95% confidence interval for the population parameter?

Accepted Answer

$[46, 54]$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a random sample?

Accepted Answer

The sample is chosen to favor certain results.

Question 16

A researcher collects data on the number of hours students study per week and summarizes the data using the mean and standard deviation. These summaries are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Sample statistics

Question 17

Which of the following statements about bias is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bias occurs when the design or conduct of a study tends to favor certain results.

Question 18

A city government wants to know the average commute time of its residents. They send a survey to every household in the city. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A census

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the purpose of statistics as a science?

Accepted Answer

To collect, organize, and interpret data.

Question 20

A study reports that 5% of samples of a certain size will not contain the population parameter in their confidence intervals. What is the confidence level of the study?

Accepted Answer

95%

Fundamental Concepts in Statistics: Populations, Samples, and Sampling Methods

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