Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population includes every member of a group, while a sample is a subset of the population.

Question 2

A researcher collects the heights of all students in a university. The average height calculated is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Parameter

Question 3

Which image best represents a sample taken from a population?

Accepted Answer

The first image (red and blue people, blue circle inside red circle)

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

The favorite color of survey respondents

Question 5

A researcher records the number of goals scored by a soccer team in each match. What type of data is this?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative; Discrete

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The brands of smartphones owned by students

Question 7

A hospital records the birth weights of newborns. What is the level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 8

Participants rate their satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 5. What is the level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 9

Which level of measurement could describe both quantitative or qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 10

A scientist records the temperature of water at multiple points during an experiment and claims the water is twice as hot at 80°F as it was at 40°F. Why is this calculation incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Temperature in Fahrenheit is an interval variable, so ratios are not meaningful.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Applying a treatment and measuring its effects

Question 12

A store manager randomly selects half of their locations to stay open an extra hour and compares profits. What type of study is this, and can causation be inferred?

Accepted Answer

Experiment; causation can be inferred

Question 13

A survey of 40 gym members from a large gym finds an average workout duration of 52 minutes. Is this value a parameter or a statistic?

Accepted Answer

Statistic

Question 14

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups with similar characteristics and then randomly selecting subjects from each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 15

A bakery tests every 12th cookie produced. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 16

A quality control manager selects three random cases of units at the end of the day and tests all units in one of the cases. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 17

A university surveys 50 random undergrads and 50 random grad students. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample that has the same proportion of characteristics as the population

Question 19

A researcher uses a random number generator to select 100 out of 1500 units produced in a day for inspection. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of continuous quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for a swimmer to complete a lap

Fundamentals of Statistics: Data Collection and Classification

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