Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main steps in conducting a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Prepare, analyze, and conclude.

Question 2

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of all adult males in a city. She randomly selects 200 adult males and records their heights. In this context, what is the population?

Accepted Answer

All adult males in the city.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a voluntary response sample?

Accepted Answer

A television show asks viewers to call in and vote on an issue.

Question 4

Why are voluntary response samples generally considered to be flawed?

Accepted Answer

They are likely to be biased because respondents self-select.

Question 5

A study finds that a new medication reduces blood pressure by an average of 1 mmHg, with a $$p-$$value of $$0.01. $$Which statement best describes the result?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant but may not be practically significant.

Question 6

Which of the following best defines a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A subcollection of members selected from a population.

Question 7

A survey of 410 human resource professionals found that 70% disqualified job candidates based on social media posts. What is the sample in this study?

Accepted Answer

The 410 human resource professionals surveyed.

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential pitfall when collecting data for a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Allowing nonresponse to affect the results.

Question 9

A researcher reports that 120% of survey respondents prefer a new product. What is the most likely issue with this statistic?

Accepted Answer

The percentage is misleading because it exceeds 100%.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

A result that is unlikely to have occurred by chance, typically with a probability less than 5%.

Question 11

A weight loss program reports an average loss of 2.1 kg after one year, with a $$p-$$value of $$0.03. $$Many dieters feel this is not worth the effort. What concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance but not practical significance.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best example of a population?

Accepted Answer

All students in a university.

Question 13

A researcher wants to know if there is a relationship between shoe print length and height in males. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step?

Accepted Answer

Graph the data to explore possible relationships.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice when collecting data for a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Using loaded or biased survey questions.

Question 15

A poll conducted by a radio station asks listeners to call in and vote on a new law. What is the main problem with using these results to represent the general population?

Accepted Answer

The sample is a voluntary response sample and likely biased.

Question 16

If a survey has a low response rate, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

There is an increased likelihood of bias among respondents.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the science of statistics?

Accepted Answer

The science of planning studies, obtaining data, and drawing conclusions based on data.

Question 18

A researcher collects data by asking people to estimate their own weight. What is a potential pitfall of this method?

Accepted Answer

The data may be less reliable than if the researcher measured the weights directly.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a misleading percentage in a statistical report?

Accepted Answer

Reporting that 150% of people support a policy.

Question 20

A study finds that 98 out of 100 random births are girls. Which of the following best describes this result?

Accepted Answer

It is statistically significant because such an extreme outcome is unlikely by chance.

Introduction to Statistics: Concepts, Data, and Sampling

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