Question 1

Which of the following best describes a parameter in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A numerical description of a population characteristic

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. She divides participants into two groups: one receives the drug, the other receives a placebo. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Temperature measured in degrees Celsius

Question 4

A survey asks people to rate their satisfaction with a service as 'unsatisfied', 'neutral', or 'satisfied'. What level of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 5

Which of the following statements about a census is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A census collects data from the entire population.

Question 6

In a study, the researcher cannot distinguish whether the observed effect is due to the treatment or another factor. This situation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Confounding variable

Question 7

Which branch of statistics involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population?

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics

Question 8

A researcher uses a computer model to study the impact of a hurricane on a city. What method of data collection is being used?

Accepted Answer

Simulation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for designing a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Collect data using a non-representative sample.

Question 10

A researcher collects data on the number of hours students study per week. The data can be ordered and differences are meaningful, but zero does not mean 'no studying'. What level of measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a population and a sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of a population used to make inferences about the population.

Question 12

A researcher wants to know the average height of all adult males in a city. She measures the height of 100 randomly selected adult males. The average height calculated from these 100 is:

Accepted Answer

A statistic

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of ratio level data?

Accepted Answer

Number of books owned

Question 14

A survey is conducted by asking people about their exercise habits via email. Which of the following is a potential source of bias in this survey?

Accepted Answer

People without email access are excluded.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

It involves organizing, summarizing, and displaying data.

Question 16

A researcher observes the eating habits of children in a school without influencing their behavior. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of nominal data?

Accepted Answer

Type of pet owned

Question 18

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep on test scores. She randomly assigns students to two groups: one group sleeps 8 hours, the other sleeps 4 hours. She then compares their test scores. Which of the following best describes the experimental units?

Accepted Answer

The students

Question 19

Which of the following is a key reason why random sampling is important in statistical studies?

Accepted Answer

It helps the sample be representative of the population.

Question 20

A researcher wants to estimate the average income of all households in a city. She collects data from a random sample of 200 households. Which formula would she use to calculate the sample mean income?

Accepted Answer

$$ \bar{x} = \frac{\sum x_i}{n} $$

Introduction to Statistics: Data, Classification, and Experimental Design

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