Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter describes a characteristic of a population, while a statistic describes a characteristic of a sample.

Question 2

A researcher collects the heights of all students in a university. Is this data a population or a sample?

Accepted Answer

Population

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

The color of cars in a parking lot

Question 4

Which of the following is a discrete quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The number of students in a classroom

Question 5

A company wants to know if their new advertising strategy caused an increase in sales. Which type of study should they conduct to determine causation?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Question 6

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups and randomly selecting all members from some of the groups?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 7

A manager selects every 10th customer entering a store to participate in a survey. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The brand of smartphones owned by students

Question 9

A school system wants to survey teachers about professional development. They randomly select 60 teachers from each grade level. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 10

A quality control manager inspects every 50th item produced on a factory line. What type of sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an observational study?

Accepted Answer

Researchers observe and measure variables without influencing them.

Question 12

A survey of 40 gym members from a large gym finds an average workout duration of 52 minutes. Is this a parameter or a statistic?

Accepted Answer

Statistic

Question 13

Which of the following is a continuous quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

The temperature in a classroom

Question 14

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep habits on college students' grades. Which type of study should be conducted to determine causation?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Question 15

Which of the following best describes simple random sampling?

Accepted Answer

Selecting subjects so that every possible sample of the same size has an equal chance of being chosen

Question 16

A regional branch manager wants to survey employees at three locations of a chain restaurant. Which sampling method would be most appropriate if the manager randomly selects one location and surveys all employees at that location?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 17

Which formula represents the probability of selecting a specific individual from a population of size $$N$$ using simple random sampling?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{1}{N}$$

Question 18

A researcher divides a population into groups based on age and then randomly selects subjects from each age group. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

Randomly selecting students from each major in proportion to their numbers in the university

Question 20

A quality control manager wants to inspect 100 out of 1000 units produced each day by randomly selecting units throughout the day. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Introduction to Statistics: Key Concepts, Data Types, and Sampling Methods

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