Question 1

Which of the following is the best example of a quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Age (in years)

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The blood pressure measured after treatment

Question 3

Which level of measurement allows for meaningful ratios and has a true zero point?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 4

A sample is chosen from a population to collect data. Which statement is TRUE regarding samples?

Accepted Answer

The larger the sample, the better the chance it is representative of the population.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Using a sample to estimate the percentage of people in a country who are vaccinated

Question 6

A researcher records how many children order large fries at McDonald's without influencing their choices. What type of statistical study is this?

Accepted Answer

Observational

Question 7

Which of the following variables is measured at the ordinal level?

Accepted Answer

Education level: 'High school', 'Bachelor’s', 'Master’s'

Question 8

Suppose 65% of a sample of 100,000 people are married. Using inferential statistics, what is the estimated number of married people in the population?

Accepted Answer

$$65,000$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a parameter?

Accepted Answer

A numerical description of a population characteristic

Question 10

A researcher manipulates the type of medication given to patients and measures their recovery time. What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Type of medication

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interval level data?

Accepted Answer

Has a true zero point

Question 12

A study collects data on the favorite ice cream flavor of 8 people. What type of variable is 'favorite ice cream flavor'?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of nominal level measurement?

Accepted Answer

Assigning zip codes to addresses

Question 14

A researcher wants to determine if there is a relationship between rainfall and crop yield. Which statistical process is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Determining the relationship between two variables

Question 15

Which of the following statements about qualitative variables is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They categorize subjects by attribute or characteristic

Question 16

A population consists of all UNC students. You collect data on which students own a smartphone. Is this a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

No, because only smartphone owners are included

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 18

A researcher wants to know if a new teaching method improves test scores. She randomly assigns students to two groups: one with the new method and one with the traditional method. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics use sample data to make decisions about populations.

Question 20

A researcher measures the heights of 50 children and calculates the mean. What is the mean an example of?

Accepted Answer

A statistic

Introduction to Statistics: Key Concepts, Variables, and Study Design

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