Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of statistics in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

To summarize and analyze information to support evidence-based decisions

Question 2

A researcher wants to compare the average blood pressure between two groups: those who exercise regularly and those who do not. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Two-sample t-test

Question 3

Which formula correctly calculates the sample mean $\bar{x}$ for a dataset with $n$ values $x_1, x_2, ..., x_n$?

Accepted Answer

$\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$

Question 4

A hospital administrator wants to know if the proportion of patients recovering from a new treatment is significantly different from the national average. Which hypothesis test should be used?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis test for population proportion

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a step in the statistical investigation process?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring outliers without justification

Question 6

A survey is conducted to estimate the average number of hours college students sleep per night. Which type of variable is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Numerical variable

Question 7

Which formula is used to calculate the standard deviation $s$ of a sample with $n$ values $x_1, x_2, ..., x_n$ and mean $\bar{x}$?

Accepted Answer

$s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}}$

Question 8

Which scenario best illustrates the use of regression analysis?

Accepted Answer

Predicting a patient's blood pressure based on age and weight

Question 9

A pharmaceutical company wants to test if a new drug is more effective than the current standard. Which statistical concept is most relevant for this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis testing

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for the probability of event $A$ occurring, given $n$ equally likely outcomes and $k$ outcomes favorable to $A$?

Accepted Answer

$P(A) = \frac{k}{n}$

Question 11

A researcher collects data on the number of defective products from five different factories. Which graphical method is most appropriate to compare the distributions?

Accepted Answer

Boxplot

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the null hypothesis $H_0$ is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is assumed true unless evidence suggests otherwise

Question 13

A student wants to test if the average time spent on homework per week is different from 10 hours. Which is the correct null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

$H_0: \mu = 10$

Question 14

Which formula represents the calculation of a z-score for a value $x$ in a population with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$?

Accepted Answer

$z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}$

Question 15

A medical study finds a p-value of 0.03 when testing a new treatment. If the significance level is $\alpha = 0.05$, what is the correct conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Reject the null hypothesis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics summarize data; inferential statistics draw conclusions about populations

Question 17

A teacher wants to know if there is an association between students' preferred study method (group vs. solo) and their final exam pass rate. Which test should be used?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test for association

Question 18

Which formula is used to calculate the expected value $E(X)$ of a discrete random variable $X$ with possible values $x_1, x_2, ..., x_n$ and probabilities $p_1, p_2, ..., p_n$?

Accepted Answer

$E(X) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i p_i$

Question 19

A student is analyzing the relationship between hours studied and exam scores. Which type of variable is 'hours studied'?

Accepted Answer

Numerical variable

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of using binomial probability?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability of getting exactly 3 heads in 5 coin tosses

Introduction to Statistics (MAT 220A-OL) – Syllabus and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards