Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a population, while a statistic describes a sample.

Question 2

A researcher collects data on the heights of all students in a university. What is the population in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

All students in the university.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a cross-sectional study?

Accepted Answer

Measuring cholesterol levels in a group of patients at one point in time.

Question 4

A pharmaceutical company conducts a double-blind experiment to test a new drug. What does 'double-blind' mean in this context?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the drug or placebo.

Question 5

Which sampling method is described by the following scenario: A city is divided into neighborhoods, and several neighborhoods are randomly selected. All households in those neighborhoods are surveyed.

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 6

A survey asks 1,000 randomly selected adults in the U.S. about their exercise habits. Which of the following best describes the sample?

Accepted Answer

The 1,000 adults who responded to the survey.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of quantitative, continuous data?

Accepted Answer

The heights of students in a classroom.

Question 8

A researcher wants to ensure that her sample accurately reflects the population. Which two factors are most important for good sampling?

Accepted Answer

Randomness and sample size

Question 9

Which level of measurement is represented by the following data: 'Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior'?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 10

A poll asks, 'Don’t you agree that recycling is important for the environment?' What type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Leading question bias

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a statistic?

Accepted Answer

The average height of 100 randomly selected high school students.

Question 12

A researcher divides a population into subgroups based on age and then randomly selects individuals from each subgroup. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of interval level data?

Accepted Answer

Years in which the New York Yankees won the World Series.

Question 14

A study follows a group of people who do not smoke and tracks their health outcomes for 20 years. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Prospective (cohort) study

Question 15

Which of the following best describes sampling bias?

Accepted Answer

Some subjects have a higher probability of being selected for a sample than others.

Question 16

A researcher asks people to volunteer for a study on exercise habits. What type of bias is most likely to affect the results?

Accepted Answer

Self-selection bias

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of discrete quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The number of cars owned by each family in a neighborhood.

Question 18

A news article claims that a new diet is effective because one person lost 50 pounds using it. What type of evidence is this?

Accepted Answer

Anecdotal evidence

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of ratio level data?

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for runners to complete a marathon.

Question 20

A researcher selects every 10th person from a list of 1,000 names. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Introductory Statistics Ch. 1: Gathering and Classifying Data

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