Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population, while a statistic describes a sample.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new medication on blood pressure. She randomly assigns 100 patients to receive the medication and 100 to receive a placebo, without knowing which group is which. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind experiment

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a stratified sample?

Accepted Answer

Dividing a population into age groups and randomly selecting 50 people from each age group.

Question 4

A survey asks 2,000 randomly selected U.S. adults about their favorite type of music. What is the population in this study?

Accepted Answer

All U.S. adults

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of quantitative, continuous data?

Accepted Answer

The heights of students in a class

Question 6

A poll asks, 'Don’t you agree that recycling is important?' What type of bias is most likely present in this question?

Accepted Answer

Leading question bias

Question 7

Which level of measurement is represented by the following data: 'Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior'?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 8

A researcher collects data on the number of goals scored by each soccer team in a season. What is the level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a cluster sample?

Accepted Answer

Dividing the population into groups, then randomly selecting some groups and including all members from those groups in the sample.

Question 10

A study examines the relationship between daily exercise and cholesterol levels by following a group of people for 10 years. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Prospective (cohort) study

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of sampling bias?

Accepted Answer

Surveying only people at a gym about their exercise habits

Question 12

A researcher wants to know the average commute time for all employees at a company. She surveys 50 randomly selected employees. The average commute time calculated from these 50 employees is:

Accepted Answer

A statistic

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of categorical (qualitative) data?

Accepted Answer

The colors of cars in a parking lot

Question 14

A researcher collects the following data: 98.6°F, 101.2°F, 97.9°F. What is the level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample where every possible group of n subjects has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 16

A news article claims that eating chocolate leads to better test scores, based on the author's personal experience. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anecdotal evidence

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of nonresponse bias?

Accepted Answer

Many people chosen for a survey do not respond

Question 18

A researcher wants to estimate the average height of all high school students in a state. She divides the state into counties, randomly selects 10 counties, and measures the height of every student in those counties. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of interval data?

Accepted Answer

The years in which a country hosted the Olympics

Question 20

A company wants to know if their new training program improves employee productivity. They measure productivity before and after the program for the same group of employees. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Introductory Statistics Ch. 1: Gathering and Classifying Data

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