Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Accepted Answer

A parameter is a numerical summary of a population, while a statistic is a numerical summary of a sample.

Question 2

A researcher collects the heights of every student in a university. Is this data set a population or a sample?

Accepted Answer

Population

Question 3

A survey of 50 randomly selected gym members from a large gym finds an average workout duration of 48 minutes. Is this value a parameter or a statistic?

Accepted Answer

Statistic

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The brands of smartphones owned by students

Question 5

Which of the following is a discrete quantitative data set?

Accepted Answer

The number of goals scored by a soccer team in a match

Question 6

A researcher records the birth years of participants (e.g., 1990, 1985, 2001). What is the level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 7

Participants rate their satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 5. What is the level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 8

Which level of measurement could describe both quantitative and qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 9

A student records the temperature of water at multiple points throughout a science experiment. They notice the water was 40°F at the start and 80°F at the end, so they say the water became twice as hot. Why does this calculation not make sense?

Accepted Answer

Temperature in Fahrenheit is an interval variable, so ratios are not meaningful.

Question 10

A hospital records the birth weights of newborns. What is the level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 11

A regional store manager wants to test whether increasing store hours increases profits, so they randomly select half of their locations to stay open an extra hour later and compare profits. Is this an experiment or an observational study, and can they determine causation?

Accepted Answer

Experiment; Yes, causation can be determined

Question 12

A store surveys its target demographic and learns that 86% of people would purchase the product they’ve been heavily advertising. Is this an experiment or an observational study, and can they conclude their advertising caused the high interest?

Accepted Answer

Observational study; No, causation cannot be concluded

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Every group of a given size is equally likely to be chosen.

Question 14

A quality control manager selects every 10th unit produced on the line and inspects it. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 15

A university surveys 50 random undergraduates and 50 random graduate students. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 16

A bakery tests every 12th cookie produced. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 17

A quality control manager takes 10 random units produced over the course of the day from each of 10 machines to test if they are defective. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

The favorite color of each student in a class

Question 19

A researcher wants to select a sample of students from a university. She divides the students by major and randomly selects 10 students from each major. What sampling method is she using?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Introductory Statistics: Data Collection and Types of Data

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