Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating a row percent in a contingency table?

$$\text{Row Percent} = \frac{\text{Cell Count}}{\text{Row Total}} \times 100$$

Q: You are given a contingency table with the following counts for pet ownership by gender: 100 males have only cats, 150 males have only dogs, 50 males have both, and 200 males have neither. What is the row percent of males who have only dogs?

$$\frac{150}{100+150+50+200} \times 100 = 30\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a contingency table?

Accepted Answer

A table that shows the relationship between two categorical variables by displaying counts for each combination of categories.

Question 2

Suppose you have a contingency table showing pet ownership (cats, dogs, both, neither) by gender (male, female). If you want to know what percent of all female respondents own both cats and dogs, which type of percent should you use?

Accepted Answer

Table percent

Question 3

Given the following scenario: In a study, 40% of males own only cats, 20% own only dogs, 10% own both, and 30% own neither. If there are 500 males in the study, how many own both cats and dogs?

Accepted Answer

$$500 	imes 0.10 = 50$$

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating a row percent in a contingency table?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Row Percent} = \frac{	ext{Cell Count}}{	ext{Row Total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 5

A researcher wants to compare the distribution of pet ownership between men and women using a side-by-side bar chart. What is the main advantage of using a bar chart over a pie chart in this context?

Accepted Answer

Bar charts make it easier to compare the relative frequencies across categories.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes Simpson's Paradox?

Accepted Answer

A situation where the association between two variables reverses direction when a third variable is considered.

Question 7

In a contingency table, what does the marginal distribution of a variable represent?

Accepted Answer

The distribution of one variable, ignoring the categories of the other variable.

Question 8

A segmented bar chart is used to display which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The conditional distribution of a categorical variable within each category of another categorical variable.

Question 9

If you want to summarize the relationship between two categorical variables, which of the following tools would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Contingency table

Question 10

Suppose you are analyzing the relationship between gender and preference for watching the Super Bowl game, commercials, or neither. If you want to know what percent of males prefer commercials, which percent should you calculate?

Accepted Answer

Column percent

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of a conditional distribution?

Accepted Answer

It shows the distribution of one variable for individuals who fall into a specific category of another variable.

Question 12

A mosaic plot is most useful for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Visualizing the conditional distribution of a categorical variable across levels of another categorical variable.

Question 13

In the context of contingency tables, what is a lurking variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable that is not included in the analysis but affects the relationship between the variables being studied.

Question 14

You are given a contingency table with the following counts for pet ownership by gender: 100 males have only cats, 150 males have only dogs, 50 males have both, and 200 males have neither. What is the row percent of males who have only dogs?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{150}{100+150+50+200} 	imes 100 = 30\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about table percents is correct?

Accepted Answer

Table percents are calculated by dividing each cell count by the total number of observations in the table.

Question 16

A study finds that 60% of women own cats, while only 40% of men do. However, when controlling for age, the relationship reverses. What statistical phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Simpson's Paradox

Question 17

If you want to use software to create a contingency table with 'CatsDogsBoth' as rows and 'Gender' as columns, which menu sequence should you use according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Stat \u003e Tables \u003e Contingency \u003e With Data

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a correct use of a contingency table?

Accepted Answer

Displaying the mean of a numerical variable.

Question 19

In a contingency table, the sum of all table percents should be:

Accepted Answer

$$100\%$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a marginal distribution in a two-way table?

Accepted Answer

The distribution of totals for one variable, ignoring the other variable.

Relationships Between Categorical Variables: Contingency Tables

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