Question 1

Which of the following best describes a population parameter?

Accepted Answer

A numerical summary of a population, such as $$\mu or$$ $$\sigma.$$

Question 2

A university wants to estimate the average tuition paid by its students. They randomly select 500 students and calculate the mean tuition from these students. What is the statistic in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The mean tuition of the 500 selected students.

Question 3

Which sampling method divides the population into groups based on a shared characteristic and then randomly samples from each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 4

A health organization wants to study exercise habits of elementary school children in Vancouver. They randomly select schools and survey all children in those schools. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

One-stage cluster sampling

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely to result in undercoverage bias?

Accepted Answer

Surveying only students who visit a specific library to estimate library usage.

Question 6

What is the main advantage of increasing the sample size in a random sample?

Accepted Answer

It reduces sampling variability, making results more reliable.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a sampling frame?

Accepted Answer

The list of individuals from which the sample is drawn.

Question 8

A market researcher sends surveys to 50 households in his own neighborhood to estimate average housing prices in Vancouver. What type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling bias

Question 9

Which of the following statements about systematic sampling is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It selects every $$kth $$individual from the sampling frame.

Question 10

If a survey is conducted only during working hours and many people are at work, which type of bias is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias

Question 11

Which of the following is a key feature of a simple random sample (SRS)?

Accepted Answer

Each possible sample of size $$n is $$equally likely to be chosen.

Question 12

A survey asks, 'Have you ever driven impaired?' and some respondents answer dishonestly. What type of bias does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Response bias

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why randomization is important in sampling?

Accepted Answer

It minimizes the chance of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample.

Question 14

In stratified sampling, what is proportional allocation?

Accepted Answer

Selecting a sample from each stratum proportional to its size in the population.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates sampling variability?

Accepted Answer

Two different random samples from the same population yield different sample means.

Question 16

A two-stage cluster sample involves:

Accepted Answer

Randomly selecting clusters and then randomly sampling individuals within those clusters.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a recommended way to reduce bias in sampling?

Accepted Answer

Selecting individuals based on easy availability.

Question 18

Suppose a sample is large but only includes students from one faculty. What is the main issue with this sample?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to be biased and not representative of the population.

Question 19

Which formula represents the sample mean $$\bar{x}$$ for a sample of $$n$$ observations $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of voluntary response bias?

Accepted Answer

A mail-in questionnaire where only those with strong opinions respond.

Sample Surveys and Sampling Methods in Statistics

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