Question 1

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample (SRS)?

Accepted Answer

A sample where every group of n individuals in the population has the same chance of being chosen.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the eating habits of college students. She divides students by major (Science, Business, Arts) and randomly selects 10 students from each group. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of cluster sampling?

Accepted Answer

A school has 40 classes. Five classes are randomly selected, and all students in those classes are surveyed.

Question 4

What is the main difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling selects individuals from every group, while cluster sampling selects all individuals from some groups.

Question 5

A list of 1,000 patients is randomly ordered. Starting with the 5th patient, every 20th patient is selected for a survey. What sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in voluntary response bias?

Accepted Answer

An online product review where only customers who choose to respond are included.

Question 7

A teacher surveys only the first row of students in a lecture hall to represent the entire class. What type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling bias

Question 8

Which of the following best defines the sampling frame?

Accepted Answer

The list from which the sample is actually chosen.

Question 9

A study collects data on the high school GPA of current business owners. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Retrospective study

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a prospective study?

Accepted Answer

Following a group of freshmen through four years of college to observe their academic progress.

Question 11

A researcher observes how many hours students study per week without interfering. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of undercoverage bias?

Accepted Answer

A telephone survey using landlines misses younger people who only use cell phones.

Question 13

A survey asks about income, but people with very high or very low incomes are less likely to respond. What type of bias does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias

Question 14

A researcher wants to estimate the average tuition paid by students. She organizes students by year (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) and randomly selects 25 students from each group. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 15

Which of the following statements about simple random sampling is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Every possible group of n individuals has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 16

A company wants to survey its employees. It randomly selects 4 departments and surveys every employee in those departments. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to result in response bias?

Accepted Answer

Surveying people about illegal drug use, leading them to underreport their usage.

Question 18

A researcher wants to ensure that all majors are represented in a sample of college students. Which sampling method should she use?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Every group of n individuals has a different chance of being selected.

Question 20

A study is conducted by standing in front of the library and asking the first 100 students encountered about their tuition. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Sampling Methods and Bias in Statistics: Study Guide

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