Question 1

Which of the following best describes a population in the context of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

All individuals or items of interest for a particular study.

Question 2

Which symbol is typically used to represent the population mean?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu$$

Question 3

A researcher wants to estimate the average cholesterol level of all male Native Americans in the U.S. Which of the following is the population parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average cholesterol level of all male Native Americans in the U.S.

Question 4

Why is the size of the sample, rather than the size of the population, more important in determining the accuracy of a survey?

Accepted Answer

The sample size determines how representative the sample is of the population.

Question 5

What is a sampling frame?

Accepted Answer

A list or collection of things or individuals from which the sample is drawn.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of voluntary response bias?

Accepted Answer

Inviting all website visitors to complete a feedback survey, but only those with strong opinions respond.

Question 7

A survey is conducted at a shopping mall to find out how much people like shopping. What type of sampling bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling bias

Question 8

Which of the following best describes undercoverage bias?

Accepted Answer

Some portion of the population is not sampled or has smaller representation than in the original population.

Question 9

A telephone survey is conducted, but many people hang up before answering. What type of bias does this introduce?

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of response bias?

Accepted Answer

People giving inaccurate answers due to the wording of the question or social desirability.

Question 11

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into homogeneous groups and then randomly sampling from each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling

Question 12

A researcher wants to estimate the proportion of blue M&Ms in a warehouse containing 100,000 bags. She randomly selects 5 bags and counts all M&Ms in those bags. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 13

Which of the following statements best distinguishes stratified sampling from cluster sampling?

Accepted Answer

Strata are homogeneous and clusters are heterogeneous.

Question 14

A police officer stops every 10th car to check for evidence of alcohol use. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a multistage sampling design?

Accepted Answer

Combining stratified, cluster, and simple random sampling methods in a single survey.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a valid consideration when designing a survey?

Accepted Answer

How large is the population, regardless of sample size or method?

Question 17

Suppose you want to estimate the proportion of U.S. residents who approve of a new law with a margin of error of 3%. Approximately how large should your sample be?

Accepted Answer

Slightly more than 1000

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Each member of the population has the same probability of being selected.

Question 19

In the context of survey sampling, what is the main goal of using a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

To accurately reflect the characteristics of the population.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct notation for the sample proportion?

Accepted Answer

$$\hat{p}$$

Sampling Methods and Survey Design in Introductory Statistics

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