Question 1

A pharmaceutical company claims that their new drug reduces blood pressure by 10 mmHg. The study involved only 10 participants, all selected from the company's employees. What is the main issue with this study result?

Accepted Answer

The sampling method is biased, as participants are not representative of the general population.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between statistical significance and practical significance?

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance refers to results unlikely to have occurred by chance, while practical significance refers to whether the results have real-world importance.

Question 3

A researcher collects data on the number of cars passing through an intersection each hour. Is this data discrete or continuous?

Accepted Answer

Discrete, because the number of cars is counted in whole numbers.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average height of all students in a university.

Question 5

A survey asks respondents to rate their satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 5. What is the most appropriate level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 6

A study finds that a new teaching method improves test scores by an average of 2 points with a p-value of $$0.01. $$However, the improvement is not enough to change students' grades. Which statement best describes this result?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant but not practically significant.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of categorical (qualitative) data?

Accepted Answer

The color of cars in a parking lot.

Question 8

A researcher wants to calculate the mean age of patients in a hospital. The ages are recorded in years. Is it appropriate to calculate the mean for this data set?

Accepted Answer

Yes, because age is a ratio variable.

Question 9

Which of the following best distinguishes between quantitative and categorical data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data is measured in numbers, while categorical data is measured in words or labels.

Question 10

A study reports that 80% of people prefer brand A over brand B, based on a survey conducted at a single shopping mall. What is a potential issue with this study?

Accepted Answer

The sample is not representative of the general population.

Question 11

A researcher records the time (in seconds) it takes for athletes to run 100 meters. What type of data is this?

Accepted Answer

Continuous

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate basic statistical calculation for nominal data?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the mean

Question 13

A study finds a statistically significant difference in cholesterol levels between two diets, with a p-value of $$0.03. $$However, the average difference is only $$1 mg/dL. $$What should be considered before recommending one diet over the other?

Accepted Answer

Whether the difference is practically significant and meaningful for health.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of ratio level measurement?

Accepted Answer

Height measured in centimeters.

Question 15

A researcher wants to know if the average commute time for employees in a city is different from the national average. The researcher randomly selects 200 employees from various companies in the city. What is the statistic in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The average commute time of the 200 sampled employees.

Question 16

A hospital records the blood type of each patient admitted. What is the level of measurement for this data?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Question 17

A study uses a random sample of 1,000 people to estimate the proportion of voters who support a new policy. Which of the following best describes the sample and the population?

Accepted Answer

The sample is the 1,000 people surveyed, and the population is all voters.

Question 18

A researcher measures the temperature in a laboratory every hour for a week. Which level of measurement is most appropriate for this data?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 19

A study reports that the average salary of employees at a tech company is $$80,000$$, based on a sample of 50 employees. What should be considered when interpreting this result?

Accepted Answer

Whether the sample is representative of all employees at the company.

STA2023 Quiz 1 Study Guidance: Introductory Statistics Concepts and Applications

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