Question 1

A pharmaceutical company claims their new drug reduces headache duration by 5 minutes on average, with a p-value of 0.001. However, the average headache lasts 4 hours. Which concept best explains why this result may not be meaningful in practice?

Accepted Answer

Practical significance

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average height of all students in a university

Question 3

A researcher collects the number of cars passing through an intersection each hour. What type of data is this?

Accepted Answer

Discrete data

Question 4

Which level of measurement is most appropriate for the variable 'shirt size' (small, medium, large)?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 5

A study reports that people who eat more vegetables have lower cholesterol, but the sample only includes gym members. What is the main issue with this study?

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a statistically significant result might not be practically significant?

Accepted Answer

The p-value is greater than 0.05

Question 7

A survey asks respondents to rate their satisfaction on a scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). What is the level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Number of siblings

Question 9

A researcher wants to calculate the mean temperature for a list of cities. Which level of measurement is required for this calculation to be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a statistic and a parameter?

Accepted Answer

A statistic describes a sample, a parameter describes a population

Question 11

A study finds a statistically significant difference in test scores between two teaching methods, but the average difference is only 0.2 points out of 100. What is the best conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant but not practically significant

Question 12

Which of the following variables is continuous?

Accepted Answer

Height of a person

Question 13

A researcher wants to know if the average commute time in a city is greater than 30 minutes. She collects data from 100 randomly selected residents. What is the sample in this context?

Accepted Answer

The 100 randomly selected residents

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of categorical (qualitative) data?

Accepted Answer

Type of cuisine preferred

Question 15

A study uses a convenience sample to estimate the average income in a city. What is a likely problem with this approach?

Accepted Answer

The sample may not be representative of the population

Question 16

Which formula would you use to calculate the mean of a data set $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$ \displaystyle \bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n} $$

Question 17

A researcher wants to compare the average test scores of students from two different schools. Which type of data is being analyzed?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative

Question 18

Which of the following is an example where basic statistical calculations are NOT appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the mean of zip codes

Question 19

A study reports a statistically significant difference in recovery times between two treatments, but the sample size was only 5 patients per group. What is a potential issue with this result?

Accepted Answer

The result may not be reliable due to small sample size

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between discrete and continuous data?

Accepted Answer

Discrete data can only take specific values; continuous data can take any value within a range

STA2023 Quiz 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts in Introductory Statistics

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