Statistics for the Life Sciences, 5th edition

UNIT I: DATA AND DISTRIBUTIONS

1. Introduction
   • 1.1 Statistics and the Life Sciences
   • 1.2 Types of Evidence
   • 1.3 Random Sampling
2. Description of Samples and Populations
   • 2.1 Introduction
   • 2.2 Frequency Distributions
   • 2.3 Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Center
   • 2.4 Boxplots
   • 2.5 Relationships Between Variables
   • 2.6 Measures of Dispersion
   • 2.7 Effect of Transformation of Variables
   • 2.8 Statistical Inference
   • 2.9 Perspective
3. Probability and the Binomial Distribution
   • 3.1 Probability and the Life Sciences
   • 3.2 Introduction to Probability
   • 3.3 Probability Rules (Optional)
   • 3.4 Density Curves
   • 3.5 Random Variables
   • 3.6 The Binomial Distribution
   • 3.7 Fitting a Binomial Distribution to Data (Optional)
4. The Normal Distribution
   • 4.1 Introduction
   • 4.2 The Normal Curves
   • 4.3 Areas under a Normal Curve
   • 4.4 Assessing Normality
   • 4.5 Perspective
5. Sampling Distributions
   • 5.1 Basic Ideas
   • 5.2 The Sample Mean
   • 5.3 Illustration of the Central Limit Theorem
   • 5.4 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
   • 5.5 Perspective
   • Unit I Highlights and Study

UNIT II: INFERENCE FOR MEANS

6. Confidence Intervals
   • 6.1 Statistical Estimation
   • 6.2 Standard Error of the Mean
   • 6.3 Confidence Interval for μ
   • 6.4 Planning a Study to Estimate μ
   • 6.5 Conditions for Validity of Estimation Methods
   • 6.6 Comparing Two Means
   • 6.7 Confidence Interval for (μ₁ - μ₂)
   • 6.8 Perspective and Summary
7. Comparison of Two Independent Samples
   • 7.1 Hypothesis Testing: The Randomization Test
   • 7.2 Hypothesis Testing: The t Test
   • 7.3 Further Discussion of the t Test
   • 7.4 Association and Causation
   • 7.5 One-Tailed t Tests
   • 7.6 More on Interpretation of Statistical Significance
   • 7.7 Planning for Adequate Power
   • 7.8 Student's t: Conditions and Summary
   • 7.9 More on Principles of Testing Hypotheses
   • 7.10 The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test
8. Comparison of Paired Samples
   • 8.1 Introduction
   • 8.2 The Paired-Sample t Test and Confidence Interval
   • 8.3 The Paired Design
   • 8.4 The Sign Test
   • 8.5 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
   • 8.6 Perspective
   • Unit II Highlights and Study

UNIT III: INFERENCE FOR CATEGORICAL DATA

9. Categorical Data: One-Sample Distributions
   • 9.1 Dichotomous Observations
   • 9.2 Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
   • 9.3 Other Confidence Levels (Optional)
   • 9.4 Inference for Proportions: The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
   • 9.5 Perspective and Summary
10. Categorical Data: Relationships
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 The Chi-Square Test for the 2 × 2 Contingency Table
    • 10.3 Independence and Association in the 2 × 2 Contingency Table
    • 10.4 Fisher's Exact Test
    • 10.5 The r × k Contingency Table
    • 10.6 Applicability of Methods
    • 10.7 Confidence Interval for Difference Between Probabilities
    • 10.8 Paired Data and 2 × 2 Tables
    • 10.9 Relative Risk and the Odds Ratio
    • 10.10 Summary of Chi-Square Test
    • Unit III Highlights and Study

UNIT IV: MODELING RELATIONSHIPS

11. Comparing the Means of Many Independent Samples
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 The Basic One-Way Analysis of Variance
    • 11.3 The Analysis of Variance Model
    • 11.4 The Global F Test
    • 11.5 Applicability of Methods
    • 11.6 One-Way Randomized Blocks Design
    • 11.7 Two-Way ANOVA
    • 11.8 Linear Combinations of Means
    • 11.9 Multiple Comparisons
    • 11.10 Perspective
12. Linear Regression and Correlation
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 The Correlation Coefficient
    • 12.3 The Fitted Regression Line
    • 12.4 Parametric Interpretation of Regression: The Linear Model
    • 12.5 Statistical Inference Concerning β₁
    • 12.6 Guidelines for Interpreting Regression and Correlation
    • 12.7 Precision in Prediction
    • 12.8 Perspective
    • 12.9 Summary of Formulas
    • Unit IV Highlights and Study
13. A Summary of Inference Methods
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 Data Analysis Examples

Chapter Appendices

Chapter Notes

Statistical Tables

Answers to Selected Exercises