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Lipid-Linked Membrane Proteins definitions

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  • Lipid Bilayer
    A double-layered structure forming the membrane, embedding lipid groups that anchor certain proteins peripherally.
  • Peripheral Membrane Protein
    A protein loosely associated with the membrane surface, often via covalent attachment to lipid groups.
  • Integral Membrane Protein
    A protein tightly embedded within the membrane, interacting extensively with hydrophobic regions.
  • Palmitoylated Protein
    A membrane protein covalently attached to palmitate via a thioester bond with any cysteine residue, found intracellularly.
  • Prenylated Protein
    A protein linked to isoprenoids like farnesyl or geranylgeranyl through a thioether bond at the C-terminal cysteine, with methylation.
  • Myristoylated Protein
    A protein attached to myristate via an amide bond at the N-terminal glycine, localizing to the intracellular membrane side.
  • GPI-Linked Protein
    A protein anchored to phosphatidylinositol through a complex lipid anchor and amide bond at the C-terminus, found extracellularly.
  • Thioester Linkage
    A covalent bond involving a sulfur atom and a carbonyl group, connecting palmitate to cysteine in certain proteins.
  • Thioether Linkage
    A covalent bond with a sulfur atom between two carbon groups, used in prenylated protein attachment.
  • Amide Linkage
    A bond formed between a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group, connecting fatty acids to protein termini.
  • Cysteine
    An amino acid with a sulfur-containing side chain, crucial for forming thioester and thioether linkages in membrane proteins.
  • Glycine
    An amino acid with a hydrogen side chain, serving as the N-terminal residue for myristoylation in membrane proteins.
  • Isoprenoid
    A lipid group, such as farnesyl or geranylgeranyl, used for prenylation of proteins at the membrane.
  • Phosphatidylinositol
    A glycerophospholipid forming the anchor for GPI-linked proteins, facilitating extracellular membrane association.
  • Methylation
    A modification involving addition of a CH3 group, commonly at the C-terminal carboxyl in prenylated proteins.