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Oxidative Phosphorylation 3 definitions

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  • Complex I
    Transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone and pumps 4 protons into the intermembrane space, using flavin mononucleotide and iron sulfur proteins.
  • Complex II
    Succinate dehydrogenase enzyme that passes electrons from FADH2 to ubiquinone without pumping protons, also part of the citric acid cycle.
  • Ubiquinone
    Mobile electron carrier in the electron transport chain, receives electrons from multiple sources and participates in the Q cycle.
  • FADH2
    Reduced form of FAD, acts as a prosthetic group in Complex II and delivers electrons to ubiquinone.
  • Beta Oxidation
    Metabolic pathway that provides electrons to ubiquinone via FAD, contributing to the electron transport chain.
  • Flavin Mononucleotide
    Prosthetic group in Complex I that accepts electrons from NADH before passing them to iron sulfur proteins.
  • Iron Sulfur Proteins
    Electron transfer components present in multiple complexes, facilitating movement of electrons within the chain.
  • Complex III
    Cytochrome B complex that pumps 4 protons and utilizes the Q cycle to transfer electrons to cytochrome c.
  • Q Cycle
    Mechanism in Complex III where ubiquinone transfers electrons one at a time to cytochrome c, enabling efficient proton pumping.
  • Cytochrome c
    Small protein that shuttles electrons from Complex III to Complex IV, accepting only one electron at a time.
  • Complex IV
    Cytochrome c oxidase that pumps 4 protons and reduces oxygen to water, marking the end of the electron transport chain.
  • Heme
    Prosthetic group in Complex III involved in electron transfer, essential for cytochrome function.
  • Copper
    Metal ion in Complex IV that accepts electrons from cytochrome c before oxygen reduction.
  • Oxygen
    Final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, reduced to water in Complex IV.
  • Intermembrane Space
    Region where protons are pumped during electron transport, creating a gradient used for ATP synthesis.