Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize functions and increase efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a living cell. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Super-resolution light microscopy

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains nuclear pores that regulate the entry and exit of molecules.

Question 6

During cell fractionation, which organelle would be found in the pellet after centrifuging at 80,000 g for 60 minutes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

A mutation causes a cell to lack dynein proteins. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Beating of cilia and flagella

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why staining is often used in light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

To increase the contrast between different parts of the specimen

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area (SA) and volume (V) for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins received from the ER

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, no nucleus, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances by producing hydrogen peroxide.

Question 15

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 16

A researcher is studying the movement of vesicles within a cell. Which cytoskeletal component and associated protein are primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules and dynein

Question 17

Which of the following statements about phospholipids in biological membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails are hydrophobic, while the phosphate head is hydrophilic.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest macromolecules and recycle damaged organelles.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Methods of Study

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