Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment. $$	ext{SA:V ratio} = \frac{	ext{surface area}}{	ext{volume}}$$

Question 2

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the internal structure of mitochondria in a cell. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, no nucleus, and circular DNA. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery

Question 7

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 9

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

It will swell as water enters the cell, increasing turgor pressure.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct match between a cell structure and its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus – Sorting and packaging of proteins

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement of organelles

Question 13

A researcher uses differential centrifugation to isolate organelles from a cell homogenate. Which organelle would be found in the pellet after spinning at the highest speed?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 15

Which of the following cell junctions allows the passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a central vacuole and cell wall

Question 17

If a cell has a radius of $$r$$ units, what is the formula for its surface area and volume?

Accepted Answer

Surface area: $$4\pi r^2$, Volume: $$\frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, producing hydrogen peroxide.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide channels for water, ions, and small molecules to pass between adjacent plant cells.

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Organization

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