Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can compartmentalize incompatible metabolic processes within the same cell?

Accepted Answer

They possess internal membranes that divide the cell into organelles, each with specialized functions.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains DNA in a nucleoid region, lacks membrane-bound organelles, and has a plasma membrane. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

As a cell increases in size, which of the following best describes the relationship between its surface area and volume?

Accepted Answer

Volume increases faster than surface area.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear pore complex in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 7

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which of the following is NOT a function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area ($$SA) $$and volume ($$V) of a $$spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 9

A cell is unable to produce hydrolytic enzymes. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 11

A muscle cell requires rapid transport of vesicles along its length. Which cytoskeletal component and associated protein are primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules and kinesin

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and can influence gene expression through integrins.

Question 13

A researcher observes that water and small solutes can move directly between adjacent plant cells. Which structure is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main difference between cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are shorter and more numerous, while flagella are longer and usually singular.

Question 15

Which type of cell junction in animal tissues prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a cell wall composed of cellulose fibers embedded in polysaccharides and protein. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen from substrates to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide.

Question 18

A mutation disrupts the function of the actin cytoskeleton in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape changes and muscle contraction

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many bound ribosomes on its endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein secretion

Biology Chapter 6

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