$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

$$6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which type of microscope would be most appropriate to observe the detailed structure of ribosomes within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope

Question 2

Why are most cells microscopic in size, and how does this relate to their function?

Accepted Answer

Small size increases the surface-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient exchange of materials across the plasma membrane

Question 3

Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying toxins in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a protein-secreting cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

Which structure in animal cells provides support to the plasma membrane and communicates with the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix

Question 9

A muscle tear injury would most likely involve the rupture of which type of cell junction?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring junction

Question 10

According to the endosymbiont theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from prokaryotic cells living inside a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

Which membrane in a chloroplast is the most extensive, and why?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane, because it provides a large surface area for photosynthetic reactions

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 13

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting ingested substances and damaged organelles

Question 14

Which cell structure is analogous to gap junctions in animal cells, allowing plant cells to share water, nourishment, and chemical messages?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins according to directions from DNA

Question 16

Which equation represents the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring and moving organelles, maintaining cell shape, and muscle contraction

Question 18

Which proteins embedded in the plasma membrane are responsible for actively transporting molecules into or out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Pump proteins

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why all eukaryotes have mitochondria but not all have chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria evolved first through endosymbiosis, while chloroplasts evolved later in photosynthetic lineages

Question 20

Which of the following cell structures is directly involved in genetic control of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus and ribosomes

A Tour of the Cell – Structure and Function of Cellular Components

Study Guide - Practice Questions