Q: Which equation describes the effect of sunlight angle on the intensity of light received per unit area?

$$I = I_0$ \cdot \cos(\theta)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the focus of ecosystem ecology?

Accepted Answer

The study of energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and their environment

Question 2

A climograph is used to plot which two variables for a region?

Accepted Answer

Annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between temperature drop and elevation increase in mountains?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta T = 6 \cdot \frac{\Delta h}{1000}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a major factor limiting the distribution of the saguaro cactus in North America?

Accepted Answer

Temperature and water availability

Question 5

Which biome is characterized by high animal diversity, vertical layering, and intense competition for light?

Accepted Answer

Tropical forest

Question 6

What is the primary cause of latitudinal variation in sunlight intensity on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The angle at which sunlight strikes the surface

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of global climate change observed in recent decades?

Accepted Answer

The geographic range of many butterfly species has shifted northward

Question 8

Which aquatic zone receives sufficient light for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photic zone

Question 9

Which equation describes the effect of sunlight angle on the intensity of light received per unit area?

Accepted Answer

$$I = I_0$ \cdot \cos(	heta)$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic adaptation of desert plants?

Accepted Answer

Reduced leaf surface area and CAM photosynthesis

Question 11

Which process is responsible for mixing oxygenated water from the surface to the bottom and nutrient-rich water from the bottom to the surface in lakes?

Accepted Answer

Turnover

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible effect of deforestation on local climate?

Accepted Answer

Hotter and drier climate

Question 13

Which biome is most likely to be found in the rain shadow of a mountain range?

Accepted Answer

Desert

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why salmon can migrate between freshwater and marine habitats?

Accepted Answer

They adjust their water intake and switch gills from taking up to excreting salt

Question 15

Which equation would you use to calculate the change in temperature ($$\Delta T) $$for a 2,000 m increase in elevation?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta T = 6 \cdot \frac{2000}{1000}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a major threat to coral reef ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Collection of coral skeletons, overfishing, global warming, and pollution

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible effect of human-induced nutrient enrichment in lakes?

Accepted Answer

Algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and fish kills

Question 18

Which of the following is a defining feature of the marine benthic zone?

Accepted Answer

Continuous cold and very high water pressure

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of a successful species transplant?

Accepted Answer

The potential range of the species is larger than its actual range

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of oligotrophic lakes?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient-poor and O2-rich

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere (Campbell Biology, Ch. 52) – Study Notes

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