Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of essential amino acids in animal nutrition?

Accepted Answer

They are required for protein production and must be obtained from the diet.

Question 2

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor. Which stomach cell type is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the human digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Elimination

Question 4

Birds that primarily eat grains and seeds have a larger crop than birds that eat insects and worms. What is the main function of the crop?

Accepted Answer

Storage and softening of food

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why herbivores such as cows have complex stomachs with multiple chambers?

Accepted Answer

To allow for microbial digestion of cellulose, which the animal cannot digest itself

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial chemical digestion of polysaccharides in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 7

A person has a blockage in their common bile duct. Which of the following digestive processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats in the small intestine

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed into lacteals as chylomicrons.

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to proteins in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 10

A patient has a disease that destroys the microvilli of their small intestine. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced surface area for absorption, leading to malnutrition

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of bile salts in digestion?

Accepted Answer

They emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase action.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of proteins

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the pancreas secretes bicarbonate into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize acidic chyme from the stomach

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of digestive enzyme and its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Lipase – fats

Question 15

A person consumes a meal high in fat. Which hormone is most likely to be released to stimulate gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between intracellular and extracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion occurs inside cells, while extracellular digestion occurs in a digestive cavity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a malfunctioning hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients absorbed from the small intestine cannot be efficiently transported to the liver for processing.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has villi and microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system in the regulation of digestion?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating salivary and gastric secretions in response to the sight and smell of food

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). Which of the following digestive processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the gallbladder and secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Ch: 33 Animal Nutrition: Structure and Function of Digestive Systems

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