Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of major stages in animal embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

fertilization → cleavage → blastula → gastrula → organogenesis

Question 2

During which stage of development do cells in a triploblastic embryo move to new positions to establish the three germ tissue layers?

Accepted Answer

gastrulation

Question 3

Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

ectoderm

Question 4

In frog embryos, what determines the dorsal-ventral axis?

Accepted Answer

The entry point of the sperm

Question 5

Which of the following best describes holoblastic cleavage?

Accepted Answer

It is complete and occurs in eggs with little yolk

Question 6

What is the primary function of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) during limb development in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

It promotes growth of the limb bud along the proximal-distal axis

Question 7

Which of the following processes involves extensive cell migration?

Accepted Answer

gastrulation and organogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following is a key event during organogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of organs from tissue layers

Question 9

In mammals, where does fertilization typically occur?

Accepted Answer

In the oviduct (fallopian tube)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the size of the embryo does not increase during cleavage?

Accepted Answer

Cell number increases but cell size decreases

Question 11

Which germ layer forms the lining of the digestive tract and associated organs?

Accepted Answer

Endoderm

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the blastopore in deuterostomes?

Accepted Answer

It becomes the anus

Question 13

A researcher observes a developing embryo with a blastocoel, archenteron, and blastopore. Which stage is this embryo in?

Accepted Answer

Gastrula

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesoderm?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the nervous system

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of induction during animal development?

Accepted Answer

Cells signal to neighboring cells to influence their fate

Question 16

A mutation disrupts the function of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in a developing limb bud. Which axis of the limb is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Anterior-posterior

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of meroblastic cleavage?

Accepted Answer

It is incomplete and occurs in eggs with much yolk

Question 18

During early organogenesis in vertebrates, the neural tube forms from which germ layer?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cell-cell signaling during animal development?

Accepted Answer

It provides positional information to cells

Question 20

A scientist is studying a species in which the mouth forms from the blastopore. This species is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Protostome

Animal Reproduction and Development: From Gametes to Organogenesis

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