Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is favored in many animal species despite being more energy intensive than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic diversity, helping populations adapt to changing environments (Red Queen Hypothesis).

Question 2

Which process is illustrated by the following equation? 
$$	ext{Sperm (n)} + 	ext{Egg (n)} ightarrow 	ext{Zygote (2n)}$$

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 3

A researcher observes a population of lizards in which females can produce offspring without males. Which reproductive strategy is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis

Question 4

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for storing and maturing sperm before ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 5

During spermatogenesis, which cell type is the first to be haploid ($$n$$)?

Accepted Answer

Secondary spermatocyte

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 7

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

To secrete progesterone, maintaining the uterine lining

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis begins before birth and pauses until puberty, while spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continues throughout life.

Question 9

A patient is found to have low levels of FSH and LH, but high levels of inhibin. Which cell type is most likely overactive?

Accepted Answer

Sertoli cells

Question 10

Which event triggers the completion of meiosis II in the secondary oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization by a sperm

Question 11

Which hormone is detected by most home pregnancy tests, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); maintains the corpus luteum

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the placenta during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during early embryonic development in humans?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization → Cleavage → Blastocyst formation → Implantation

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why monotremes are unique among mammals?

Accepted Answer

They lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young.

Question 15

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor, and what type of feedback loop does it create?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; positive feedback loop

Question 16

A scientist observes an animal species in which the embryo develops inside the mother and is nourished directly by her body. What is the correct term for this reproductive strategy?

Accepted Answer

Viviparous

Question 17

Which structure must sperm penetrate to fertilize the egg, and what enzyme-filled organelle helps with this process?

Accepted Answer

Zona pellucida; acrosome

Question 18

Which phase of the uterine cycle is characterized by the shedding of the endometrial lining?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of Sertoli cells in the testes?

Accepted Answer

They support and nourish developing sperm and secrete inhibin.

Question 20

Which event in the ovarian cycle is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH)?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Animal Reproduction – Study Notes (Campbell Biology, Ch. 46)

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