Question 1

The image above illustrates the process of cell division. Which stage of the cell cycle is represented by the second cell from the left, where chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis, as shown in the third cell from the left in the image, do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of the process depicted in the image above?

Accepted Answer

To produce two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 4

Which of the following best describes what happens during cytokinesis, as shown in the final step of the image?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate cells

Question 5

If a mutation caused the spindle fibers (visible in the second and third cells from the left) to malfunction, what would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes would not be properly separated into daughter cells

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before the cell proceeds to the stage shown in the third cell from the left?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint (spindle checkpoint)

Question 7

What would be the result if the cell in the image failed to complete cytokinesis after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

One cell with two nuclei

Question 8

Which of the following equations best represents the chromosome number in a human somatic cell before and after the process shown in the image, assuming the starting cell is diploid ($$2n$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 2n$$

Question 9

Which protein complex is primarily responsible for regulating the transition from metaphase to anaphase, as depicted in the image?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase-promoting complex (APC)

Question 10

If a cell depicted in the image is exposed to a chemical that inhibits microtubule formation, which stage would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome alignment and separation during mitosis

AP Biology Unit 4: Cell Communication & Cell Cycle – Study Notes

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