Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

$$32 \\ \text{ATP per glucose molecule}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics like penicillin than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer phospholipid bilayer that restricts antibiotic entry.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism living in a highly acidic hot spring. The organism lacks a nucleus and has unique membrane lipids not found in bacteria. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the rapid evolution and high genetic diversity observed in prokaryotic populations?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission, mutation, and genetic recombination

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of a bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It allows the cell to adhere to surfaces and evade the immune system.

Question 5

A bacterium is found to survive only in the absence of oxygen and dies when exposed to air. Which term best describes its metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobe

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events according to Koch’s postulates for identifying the causative agent of a disease?

Accepted Answer

Isolate microbe from diseased individual, grow in pure culture, inject into healthy animal, observe symptoms, re-isolate microbe.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cyanobacteria were crucial to the evolution of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

They were the first organisms to perform photosynthesis that produced oxygen.

Question 8

A researcher observes a prokaryote with a thick peptidoglycan layer that stains purple with Gram stain. Which type of cell wall does this organism have?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a method of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 10

Which metabolic strategy would you expect to find in a bacterium living in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, using hydrogen sulfide as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of heterocysts in cyanobacteria such as Anabaena?

Accepted Answer

They are specialized for nitrogen fixation.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Archaea is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Archaea are more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of beneficial prokaryotes in the environment?

Accepted Answer

Archaea decomposing organic matter in soil, making nutrients available for plants.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$32 \ 	ext{ATP per glucose molecule}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between transformation and conjugation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transformation involves uptake of free DNA from the environment, while conjugation involves direct transfer of DNA via a sex pilus.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to prokaryotes and not found in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region

Question 17

A patient is infected with a bacterium that can survive both in the presence and absence of oxygen. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobe

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are generally ineffective against Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan or other polymers, not peptidoglycan.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the nitrogen cycle involving prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Certain bacteria and archaea convert atmospheric $$N_2$$ into ammonia ($$NH_3) $$through nitrogen fixation.

Bacteria and Archaea: Diversity, Structure, and Function

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