Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as it is applied in everyday life?

Accepted Answer

A process of organized common sense involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms as discussed in the course?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

A student is analyzing the probability of inheriting a genetic trait using Mendelian genetics. If two heterozygous parents (Aa) have a child, what is the probability the child will be homozygous recessive (aa)?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{4}$

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 8

A scientist observes that a certain enzyme works best at pH 7. What is most likely to happen if the pH is changed to 3?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will denature and lose its function.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce without a host cell.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics over time.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of Rosalind Franklin in the discovery of DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

She provided critical X-ray diffraction images that revealed the double helix structure.

Question 12

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of quantitative reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability of inheriting a genetic disorder using a Punnett square.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It is used for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Question 17

A student observes that a population of insects has a wide variety of colors. After a pesticide is applied, only the darkest insects survive and reproduce. Which evolutionary process is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the probability of a specific genetic outcome in a dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb) for both traits being homozygous recessive (aabb)?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{16}$

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

BIO 100: Basic Biological Science – Course Structure, Learning Goals, and Laboratory Overview

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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