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BIO 102 Course Syllabus and Study Guide: Core Concepts in Biology

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Introduction to Biology

  • Unicellular vs. Multicellular
    02:09
  • Introduction to Biology
    02:54
  • Introduction to Biology Channel
    1:28

Characteristics of Life

  • Characteristics of Life
    09:26
  • Characteristics of Life Example 1
    02:59

Life's Organizational Hierarchy

  • Life's Organizational Hierarchy
    09:50
  • Emergent Properties
    04:05
  • Life's Organizational Hierarchy Example 1
    03:05

Scientific Method

  • Scientific Method Example 1
    01:35
  • Basic Theories of Biology
    03:03
  • Scientific Method
    06:29

Experimental Design

  • Variables
    07:36
  • Experimental Design Example 1
    02:50
  • Negative & Positive Controls
    07:42

Atoms - Smallest Unit of Matter

  • Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 1
    02:13
  • Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 3
    03:51
  • Electron Orbitals & Energy Shells
    09:44

Isotopes

  • Isotopes
    06:50
  • Radioactive Isotopes
    02:37

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

  • Introduction to Chemical Bonding Example 1
    1:59
  • Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular Bonds
    03:53
  • Map of the Lesson on Chemical Bonding
    02:42

Covalent Bonds

  • Covalent Bonds
    04:28
  • Polar Covalent Bonds
    06:59
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
    06:41

Ionic Bonding

  • Ions: Anions vs. Cations
    04:34
  • Ionic Bonds
    06:07

Hydrogen Bonding

  • Hydrogen Bonding
    05:03

Introduction to Water

  • Introduction to Water
    01:54
  • Introduction to Water Example 1
    01:51
  • Emergent Properties of Water
    01:29

Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion

  • Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion Example 1
    01:46
  • Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion
    04:16

Properties of Water- Density

  • Density of Liquid Water vs. Solid Ice
    05:43
  • Properties of Water- Density Example 1
    02:13

Properties of Water- Thermal

  • Properties of Water- Thermal
    04:07
  • Water’s High Specific Heat
    03:25
  • Water’s High Heat of Vaporization
    03:31

Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent

  • Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent
    06:20
  • Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
    03:43
  • Homogenous vs. Heterogenous Solutions
    02:19

Acids and Bases

  • Acids
    02:45
  • Acids and Bases
    01:29
  • Bases
    03:48

pH Scale

  • Buffers
    05:38
  • pH Scale
    11:05

Carbon

  • Carbon is an Excellent Building Block
    03:35
  • Carbon
    04:19

Functional Groups

  • Functional Groups Example 1
    02:00
  • Functional Groups
    06:04

Introduction to Biomolecules

  • Introduction to Biomolecules
    01:17
  • Map of the Lesson on Biomolecules
    01:29

Monomers & Polymers

  • Building & Breaking-Down Polymers
    04:19
  • Monomers & Polymers
    03:42

Carbohydrates

  • Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides
    03:08
  • Carbohydrates
    04:53
  • Carbohydrate Functions
    05:08

Proteins

  • Protein Structure
    08:02
  • Amino Acids
    04:37
  • Proteins
    02:50

Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic Acids Example 2
    01:05
  • Formation & Breakdown of Nucleic Acids
    04:07
  • DNA vs. RNA
    05:57

Lipids

  • Steroids & Waxes
    03:30
  • Lipids
    04:19
  • Fatty Acids
    06:59

Microscopes

  • Microscopes
    06:35
  • Types of Electron Microscopes
    02:52

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

  • Recap: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
    04:26
  • Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
    05:54
  • Features of Bacterial Cells
    03:54

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

  • Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
    03:45
  • Ribosomes
    06:51
  • Map of the Lesson on Eukaryotic Organelles
    02:43

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

  • Golgi Apparatus
    06:02
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
    06:07
  • Nucleus
    06:32

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

  • Central Vacuole
    03:35
  • Lysosomes & Peroxisomes
    05:38

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

  • Chloroplasts
    03:16
  • Chloroplast Structure
    03:41
  • Mitochondria Structure
    04:45

Endosymbiotic Theory

  • Endosymbiotic Theory
    06:58

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

  • Cilia & Flagella
    03:15
  • Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
    06:05

Cell Junctions

  • Cell Junctions
    05:33

Biological Membranes

  • Biological Membranes Example 1
    02:21
  • Biological Membranes
    06:04

Types of Membrane Proteins

  • Membrane Protein Functions
    03:54
  • Types of Membrane Proteins
    02:35

Concentration Gradients and Diffusion

  • Diffusion
    02:44
  • Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
    04:51

Introduction to Membrane Transport

  • Map of the Lesson on Membrane Transport
    02:33
  • Introduction to Membrane Transport
    02:47
  • Which Molecules Freely Cross Membranes?
    07:10

Passive vs. Active Transport

  • Classes of Membrane Transport Proteins
    03:28
  • Passive vs. Active Transport
    04:18

Osmosis

  • Osmosis Example 1
    02:18
  • Osmosis
    05:59
  • Direction of Osmosis
    06:48

Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

  • Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
    05:10
  • Transport Proteins of Facilitated Diffusion
    04:49

Active Transport

  • Secondary Active Transport
    07:06
  • Active Transport
    02:37
  • Primary Active Transport
    02:53

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

  • Endocytosis and Exocytosis Example 1
    01:52
  • Endocytosis Allows Entry to the Cell
    04:18
  • Exocytosis Allows Exiting from the Cell
    02:28

Introduction to Energy

  • Thermodynamics: System vs. Surroundings
    04:21
  • Introduction to Energy
    04:58

Laws of Thermodynamics

  • Second Law of Thermodynamics
    02:53
  • Entropy
    03:21
  • First Law of Thermodynamics
    04:43

Chemical Reactions

  • Chemical Reactions
    01:56
  • Types of Chemical Reactions
    05:48

ATP

  • Energy Coupling
    04:57
  • ATP
    06:43
  • Phosphorylation
    03:

Enzymes

  • Functions of Enzymes
    02:32
  • Enzymes Example 1
    02:25
  • Enzymes
    02:55

Enzyme Activation Energy

  • Enzyme Activation Energy
    04:18
  • Enzymes Lower Activation Energy
    03:26

Enzyme Binding Factors

  • Cofactors
    04:22
  • Enzyme-Substrate Complex
    03:49

Enzyme Inhibition

  • Enzyme Inhibition
    05:03

Introduction to Metabolism

  • Introduction to Metabolism
    02:17
  • Catabolic & Anabolic Pathways
    03:25

Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration

  • Introduction to Cellular Respiration Example 2
    01:53
  • Aerobic Cellular Respiration is a Redox Reaction
    04:18
  • Stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    02:31

Glycolysis

  • Phases of Glycolysis
    06:20
  • Glycolysis Example 1
    01:29
  • Remembering Phases of Glycolysis
    02:49

Krebs Cycle

  • Krebs Cycle Example 1
    01:20
  • Krebs Cycle
    01:37
  • Phases of The Krebs Cycle
    09:54

Electron Transport Chain

  • Remembering the ETC
    04:43
  • Electron Transport Chain
    07:41

Chemiosmosis

  • Chemiosmosis
    05:01

Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration

  • Total Products for Each Stage of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    07:25
  • Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    07:51

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

  • Lactic Acid Fermentation
    03:34
  • What Happens to Aerobic Organisms if There's No Oxygen?
    07:51
  • Alcohol Fermentation
    02:02

Introduction to Photosynthesis

  • Introduction to Photosynthesis
    03:32
  • Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
    07:55
  • Photosynthesis is a Redox Reaction
    03:20

Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy

  • Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy
    08:18

Pigments of Photosynthesis

  • Pigments of Photosynthesis
    05:58
  • Introduction to Photosystems
    04:59
  • Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthesis
    02:52

Stages of Photosynthesis

  • Stages of Photosynthesis
    03:16
  • Map of the Lesson on Photosynthesis
    02:41

Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

  • Light Reactions of Photosynthesis Example 1
    01:48
  • Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
    04:06
  • Steps of the Light Reactions
    15:15

Calvin Cycle

  • 3 Phases of the Calvin Cycle (C3 Pathway)
    10:58
  • Calvin Cycle
    03:42

C3, C4 & CAM Plants

  • C3, C4 & CAM Plants
    04:34
  • Comparing 3 Types of Photosynthetic Plants
    14:52

Review of Photosynthesis

  • Recap Map of Photosynthesis
    08:50
  • Review of Photosynthesis Example 1
    02:06

Introduction to Cell Division

  • Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
    04:45
  • Introduction to Cell Division
    09:40
  • Importance of Cell Division
    03:19

Introduction to the Cell Cycle

  • Introduction to the Cell Cycle
    04:46

Interphase

  • Centrosomes & Mitotic Spindles
    04:02
  • Interphase
    08:05

Phases of Mitosis

  • Phases of Mitosis
    03:21
  • Metaphase
    01:58
  • Prometaphase
    03:20

Cytokinesis

  • Animal Cell Cytokinesis
    02:56
  • Cytokinesis
    01:25
  • Cytokinesis Example 1
    01:59

Cell Cycle Regulation

  • Cell Cycle Regulation
    03:31
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints
    06:32

Review of the Cell Cycle

  • Memorizing the Steps of the Cell Cycle
    03:21

Cancer

  • Types of Genes Regulating Cell Growth
    04:02
  • Cancer
    03:22

Genes & Alleles

  • Genes & Alleles Example 1
    02:09
  • Genes & Alleles
    05:02
  • Haploid vs. Diploid Cells
    04:14

Homologous Chromosomes

  • Homologous Chromosomes
    08:09

Life Cycle of Sexual Reproducers

  • Life Cycle of Sexual Reproducers
    04:14

Introduction to Meiosis

  • Introduction to Meiosis Example 1
    01:43
  • Meiosis I & Meiosis II
    04:49
  • Introduction to Meiosis
    04:33

Meiosis I

  • Meiosis I
    07:55

Meiosis II

  • Meiosis II
    06:17

Mitosis & Meiosis Review

  • Mitosis & Meiosis Review Example 1
    01:27

Genetic Variation During Meiosis

  • Genetic Variation During Meiosis
    07:08
  • Nondisjunction
    05:03
  • Independent Assortment
    08:49

Introduction to Mendel's Experiments

  • Why Pea Plants?
    01:58
  • Introduction to Mendel's Experiments
    03:50

Genotype vs. Phenotype

  • Genotype & Phenotype
    06:36
  • Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles
    03:39

Punnett Squares

  • How to Use Punnett Squares
    07:05
  • Punnett Squares
    01:37

Mendel's Experiments

  • Self-Fertilization Experiment: True-Breeding vs. Hybrid Plants
    05:48
  • Mendel's Experiments
    03:02
  • Cross-Fertilization Experiment: Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles
    05:04

Mendel's Laws

  • Mendel's Laws
    01:16
  • Law of Segregation
    03:24
  • Law of Independent Assortment
    06:44

Monohybrid Crosses

  • Monohybrid Crosses Example 1
    03:12
  • Genotypic vs. Phenotypic Ratio
    02:48
  • Monohybrid Crosses
    02:05

Test Crosses

  • Test Crosses
    03:02
  • Steps to Performing a Test Cross
    05:05

Dihybrid Crosses

  • Dihybrid Crosses
    02:37
  • Dihybrid Crosses & Punnett Squares
    03:34

Punnett Square Probability

  • Rule of Multiplication (the AND Rule)
    06:30
  • Rule of Addition (the OR Rule)
    05:58
  • Punnett Square Probability
    03:38

Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance

  • Codominance
    02:59
  • Codominance & Blood Type
    05:15
  • Incomplete Dominance
    03:09

Epistasis

  • Epistasis
    05:37

Non-Mendelian Genetics

  • Pleiotropy
    02:18
  • Multifactorial Characters
    01:39
  • Polygenic Inheritance
    02:27

Pedigrees

  • How to Read Pedigrees
    03:21
  • Pedigrees
    02:36

Autosomal Inheritance

  • Autosomal Inheritance
    01:02
  • Autosomal Disorders
    05:21

Sex-Linked Inheritance

  • X-Linked Recessive Pedigrees
    03:42
  • Sex-Linked Inheritance
    04:17
  • X-Linked Recessive Disorder: Hemophilia Inheritance
    04:37

X-Inactivation

  • X-Inactivation
    05:33

The Griffith Experiment

  • The Griffith Experiment
    08:56

The Hershey-Chase Experiment

  • The Hershey-Chase Experiment
    03:59
  • Bacteriophages
    03:44

Chargaff's Rules

  • Chargaff's Rules
    04:33

Discovering the Structure of DNA

  • Detailed DNA Structure
    06:24
  • Discovering the Structure of DNA
    04:41

Meselson-Stahl Experiment

  • Meselson-Stahl Experiment
    09:03

Introduction to DNA Replication

  • Unwinding the DNA: Topoisomerase, Helicase & SSBs
    05:10
  • Components of DNA Replication
    04:47
  • Origin of Replication
    03:33

DNA Polymerases

  • DNA Polymerase Requirements
    05:03
  • DNA Polymerases
    04:01

Leading & Lagging DNA Strands

  • Leading & Lagging DNA Strands
    05:15

Steps of DNA Replication

  • Steps of DNA Replication
    09:29

DNA Repair

  • DNA Repair
    03:20
  • DNA Proofreading & Repair Enzymes
    02:12

Telomeres

  • Telomeres
    04:25

Central Dogma

  • Central Dogma
    05:45

Introduction to Transcription

  • Overview of Transcription
    07:44
  • Introduction to Transcription
    05:51

Steps of Transcription

  • 3) Termination of Transcription
    02:44
  • 1) Initiation of Transcription
    04:16
  • 2) Elongation of Transcription
    04:01

Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing

  • Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing
    02:32
  • 2) RNA Splicing Creates Mature mRNA
    08:44
  • 1) RNA Processing
    04:19

Introduction to Types of RNA

  • Introduction to Types of RNA
    07:20

Genetic Code

  • How to Use the Genetic Code
    11:39
  • Genetic Code
    01:28

Introduction to Translation

  • Ribosomal tRNA Binding Sites
    06:16
  • Ribosome Subunits
    08:42
  • Introduction to Translation
    06:12

Steps of Translation

  • 2) Elongation of Translation
    04:59
  • 3) Termination of Translation
    02:16
  • 1) Initiation of Translation
    05:03

Post-Translational Modification

  • Post-Translational Modification
    04:26

Review of Transcription vs. Translation

  • Review of Transcription vs. Translation
    04:07

Mutations

  • Mutations
    02:29
  • Types of Mutations
    08:44

Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression

  • Positive vs Negative Gene Regulation
    02:17
  • Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
    06:40

Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons

  • Inducible Operons
    04:25
  • Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons
    00:53
  • Repressible Operons
    03:42

The Lac Operon

  • In the Absence of Lactose
    04:34
  • The Lac Operon
    07:06
  • In the Presence of Lactose
    03:56

Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon

  • Positive Control by cAMP & CRP
    08:32
  • Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon Example 1
    06:20
  • GlucoseLevels, cAMP, & the Lac Operon
    05:58

The Trp Operon

  • In the Presence of Tryptophan
    03:11
  • The Trp Operon
    05:30
  • In the Absence of Tryptophan
    03:42

Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon

  • Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon
    06:24

Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

  • Map of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
    04:22
  • Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
    03:47

Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications

  • Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications
    03:55
  • Histone Acetylation
    04:14
  • DNA Methylation
    03:39

Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control

  • Introduction to Transcription Factors
    03:32
  • General Transcription Factors
    03:51
  • Specific Transcription Factors
    03:57

Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation

  • Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation
    01:56
  • 3) RNA Interference
    04:16
  • 1) Alternative RNA Splicing
    05:17

Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation

  • Protein Ubiquitination
    02:45
  • Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation
    03:55

Viruses

  • Virus Structure
    04:50
  • Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
    08:04
  • Viroids and Prions
    04:22

Introduction to DNA-Based Technology

  • Map of DNA-Based Technology Lesson
    03:12
  • Introduction to DNA-Based Technology
    02:30

Introduction to DNA Cloning

  • Introduction to DNA Cloning
    02:25
  • Cloning with Recombinant DNA
    03:41

Steps to DNA Cloning

  • Steps to DNA Cloning
    04:42
  • 1b) Use Ligation Enzymes
    04:58
  • 1a) Use Restriction Enzymes
    03:27

Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction

  • Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction
    01:31
  • Components of a Polymerase Chain Reaction
    05:57
  • Why do we use PCR?
    02:53

The Steps of PCR

  • 1) Denaturation
    03:33
  • 2) Annealing
    02:56
  • The Steps of PCR
    04:39

Gel Electrophoresis

  • Gel Electrophoresis
    07:58
  • Gel Electrophoresis Example 1
    02:34

Southern Blotting

  • Southern Blotting
    03:31
  • Steps of Southern Blotting
    08:21

DNA Fingerprinting

  • Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
    03:41
  • DNA Fingerprinting
    03:30

Introduction to DNA Sequencing

  • Introduction to DNA Sequencing
    02:13
  • Dideoxy Nucleotides
    05:12

Dideoxy Sequencing

  • Chain-Termination PCR
    07:37
  • Dideoxy Sequencing
    01:03
  • Determining the DNA Sequence from a Gel
    06:28

Genomes

  • Gene Families
    02:06
  • Transposable Elements and Pseudogenes
    03:57
  • Protein Encoding Genes
    02:11

Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection

  • Guided course
    Introduction to Evolution and Natual Selection Example 1
    03:22
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Evolution and Natual Selection Example 2
    04:28
  • Guided course
    Typological vs. Population Thinking
    03:56

Natural Selection and Evolution

  • Natural Selection Causes Adaptation
    07:48
  • Adaptation Improves Fitness
    02:57
  • Evolution can Occur Via Natural Selection
    04:32

Introduction to Phylogeny

  • Guided course
    Binomial Nomenclature
    02:32
  • Guided course
    Systematics
    06:57
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Phylogeny Example 1
    01:31

Phylogeny

  • Guided course
    Phylogeny Example 3
    04:12
  • Guided course
    Parts of a Phylogenetic Tree
    05:16
  • Guided course
    Phylogeny Example 1
    06:11

Building Phylogenetic Trees

  • Guided course
    Shared Derived Characters
    05:42
  • Guided course
    Parsimony
    06:46
  • Guided course
    Building Phylogenetic Trees Example 1
    04:35

Cladistics

  • Guided course
    Cladistics Example 1
    03:52
  • Guided course
    Monophyletic, Paraphyletic, & Polyphyletic Group
    06:37

Phylogenetics and Genome Evolution

  • Guided course
    The Molecular Clock
    05:13
  • Guided course
    Homologs: Orthologs & Paralogs
    05:29

Introduction to Prokaryotes

  • Introduction to Archaea
    04:39
  • Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
    05:54
  • Features of Bacterial Cells
    03:54

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

  • Functions of Pili
    01:46
  • Pili
    01:02
  • Endospores
    05:35

Prokaryotic Reproduction

  • Transduction
    06:49
  • Bacterial Transformation
    03:06
  • Plasmids
    04:44

Prokaryotic Metabolism

  • Electron Source: Lithotrophs vs. Organotrophs
    03:21
  • Carbon Source: Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs
    02:59
  • Introduction to Biofilms
    03:31

Prokaryotic Diversity

  • Prokaryote Lineages 1
    03:51
  • Reviewing the Environmental Factors of Microbial Growth
    07:21
  • Prokaryote Lineages 2
    05:13

Introduction to Protists

  • What is a Protist?
    03:23
  • Introduction to Protists Example 1
    02:30
  • Introduction to Protists Example 2
    01:39

Evolution of Protists

  • Secondary Endosymbiosis Led to Several Eukaryotic Lineages
    02:37
  • Evolution of Protists Example 1
    01:43
  • Primary Endosymbiosis Gave Rise to Eukaryotes
    01:37

Protist Life Cycles

  • Plasmodium Life Cycle (Malaria)
    04:56
  • Paramecium Life Cycle: Conjugation & Asexual Reproduction
    06:28
  • Protist Life Cycles Example 2
    01:22

Eukaryotic Supergroups: Exploring Protist Diversity

  • Overview of the Four Supergroups of Eukaryotes
    03:01

Land Plants

  • Land Plants - 4
    06:17
  • Land Plants - 2
    12:57
  • Land Plants - 3
    03:36

Nonvascular Plants

  • Nonvascular Plants - 2
    07:32
  • Nonvascular Plants - 1
    06:16

Seedless Vascular Plants

  • Seedless Vascular Plants
    06:08

Seed Plants

  • Seed Plants - 1
    06:26
  • Seed Plants - 3
    05:26
  • Seed Plants - 4
    10:21

Fungi

  • Fungi - 1
    08:59
  • Fungi - 2
    09:57

Fungi Reproduction

  • Fungi Reproduction - 2
    04:54
  • Fungi Reproduction - 1
    09:27
  • Fungi Reproduction - 3
    03:12

Overview of Animals

  • Overview of Animals - 2
    06:59
  • Overview of Animals - 5
    04:57
  • Overview of Animals - 3
    12:01

Porifera and Cnidaria

  • Porifera and Cnidaria
    10:20

Lophotrochozoans

  • Lophotrochozoans
    11:32
  • Mollusks and Annelids
    06:13

Ecdysozoans

  • Nematodes
    02:05
  • Crustaceans and Hexapods
    13:55
  • Arthropods and Chelicerata
    08:00

Echinoderms

  • Echinoderms
    03:39

Chordates

  • Chordates
    05:34
  • Bony Fish
    05:21
  • Tetrapods
    05:57

Aminotes

  • Birds and Synapsids
    04:14
  • Marsupials and Placental Mammals
    02:12
  • Mammals and Monotremes
    02:40

Primates and Homonids

  • Homonids
    11:30
  • Primates
    05:26

Roots and Shoots

  • Phenotypic Plasticity
    06:58
  • Plant Cells Review
    05:29
  • Shoots and Leaves
    05:46

Tissues

  • Epidermal and Ground Tissue
    05:39
  • Ground Tissue Cells
    04:03
  • Vascular Tissue
    06:58

Growth

  • Root Growth
    05:29
  • Primary Meristems
    07:52
  • Secondary Growth
    06:52

Plant Development

  • Embryogenesis and Body Axes
    03:15
  • Embryonic Plant Development
    06:02
  • Embryonic Tissues and Pattern Formation
    04:31

Water Potential

  • How Water Enters Xylem
    07:59
  • Cohesion-Tension Theory
    05:59
  • Water Potential
    11:32

Soil and Nutrients

  • Ion Exclusion
    04:51
  • Soil Nutrients
    03:25
  • Cation Exchange
    06:26

Nitrogen Fixation

  • Nitrogen Cycle
    06:31
  • Nodules
    09:47

Flowers

  • Flower Anatomy
    04:08
  • Alteration of Generations
    05:18
  • Double Fertilization
    07:44

Seeds

  • Germination
    05:30
  • Embryogenesis
    04:58
  • Fruit
    03:49

Phototropism

  • Photomorphogenesis
    12:53
  • Auxin
    10:46
  • Signal Transduction and Response
    06:56

Tropisms and Hormones

  • Thigmotropism and Cytokinins
    05:19
  • Plant Hormones and Senescence
    08:18
  • Gravitropism
    05:39

Plant Defenses

  • Herbivore Defenses
    05:37
  • Pathogen Defenses
    08:59

Animal Tissues

  • Muscle and Epithelial Tissues
    03:16
  • Tissues and Organs
    05:37
  • Animal Physiology and Fitness Trade-Offs
    10:26

Metabolism and Homeostasis

  • Surface Area to Volume Ratio
    07:47
  • Feedback Regulation
    08:57
  • Homeostasis
    11:49

Thermoregulation

  • Countercurrent Exchange
    06:28
  • Thermoregulation
    09:51

Digestion

  • Digestion and Digestive Tracts
    05:11
  • Mouth and Esophagus
    06:37
  • Nutrient Absorption
    19:59

Blood Sugar Homeostasis

  • Blood Sugar Homeostasis
    07:01

Circulatory and Respiratory Anatomy

  • Lymphatic System
    02:15
  • Lung Anatomy
    06:24
  • Gas Exchange and Circulation
    06:28

Heart Physiology

  • Cardiovascular Disease
    07:53
  • Heart Physiology
    05:13
  • Cardiac Cycle
    05:37

Gas Exchange

  • Diffusion of Gases
    07:48
  • Gas Exchange and Breathing
    05:55
  • Air Movement and Partial Pressure
    08:52

Immune System

  • Immune System
    09:33

Innate Immunity

  • Innate Immune Response
    05:20
  • Inflammatory Response
    03:06
  • Innate Immune Cells
    06:47

Adaptive Immunity

  • Helper T Cells and B Cells
    04:06
  • Lymphocytes
    04:23
  • Immunization and Autoimmunity
    07:51

Osmoregulation and Excretion

  • Loop of Henle
    06:25
  • Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule
    04:07
  • Active and Passive Transport
    06:32

Endocrine System

  • Hypothalamus and Pituitary
    03:34
  • Adrenal Glands
    06:17
  • Ovaries and Testes
    02:59

Animal Reproduction

  • Pregnancy and Birth
    04:09
  • Oogenesis
    04:28
  • Female Reproductive Anatomy
    07:19

Developmental Biology

  • Differential Expression, Morphogens, and Pattern Formation
    12:48
  • Body Axes
    03:45
  • Cell Division and Differentiation
    05:28

Animal Development

  • Cleavage and Blastulation
    07:18
  • Fertilization
    01:59
  • Implantation and Gastrulation
    04:22

Neurons and Action Potentials

  • Neurotransmitters
    12:47
  • Nervous System
    02:14
  • Postsynaptic Potentials and Summation
    05:33

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

  • Motor, Sensory, and Association Areas
    04:07
  • Cerebrum and Cerebral Cortex
    11:10
  • Peripheral Nervous System
    06:26

Sensory System

  • Inner Ear
    06:11
  • Sensory Receptors
    02:54
  • The Retina
    06:45

Musculoskeletal System

  • Motor Unit and Neuromuscular Junction
    03:14
  • Endoskeleton
    01:42
  • Muscle System and Skeleton
    02:08

Animal Behavior

  • Migration and Altruism
    07:15
  • Mating and Parental Care
    03:59
  • Foraging
    04:50

Introduction to Ecology

  • Levels of Ecological Study
    05:01
  • Introduction to Ecology Example 1
    02:31
  • Environment vs. Habitat vs. Niche
    01:57

Biogeography

  • Biogeography Example 2
    03:26
  • How Ecosystems Impact Species Distribution
    01:12
  • Biogeography Example 1
    02:43

Earth's Climate Patterns

  • Earth's Climate Patterns Example 1
    01:36
  • Earth's Climate Patterns Example 3
    01:36
  • Earth's Climate Patterns Example 5
    03:01

Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes

  • Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes Example 2
    01:29
  • Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes
    01:55
  • Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes Example 1
    00:49

Terrestrial Biomes: Near Equator

  • Terrestrial Biomes: Near Equator Example 1
    03:03
  • Savannas (Tropical Grasslands)
    01:02
  • Tropical Rainforests
    01:22

Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Regions

  • Temperate Grasslands (Prairie/Steppe)
    00:51
  • Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Regions Example 1
    01:59
  • Temperate Broadleaf/Deciduous Forests
    01:00

Terrestrial Biomes: Northern Regions

  • Tundras
    00:58
  • Terrestrial Biomes: Northern Regions Example 1
    05:07
  • Northern Coniferous Forests (Boreal Forests/Taiga)
    01:03

Introduction to Aquatic Biomes

  • Zonation in Marine Biomes & Lakes
    04:38
  • Seasonal Turnover & Ocean Upwelling
    03:57
  • Introduction to Aquatic Biomes Example 3
    03:00

Freshwater Aquatic Biomes

  • Wetlands
    01:29
  • Estuaries
    01:51
  • Streams & Rivers
    01:41

Marine Aquatic Biomes

  • Intertidal Zones
    01:43
  • Coral Reefs
    01:30
  • Marine Benthic Zone
    01:47

Introduction to Population Ecology

  • Factors Affecting Population Size (N)
    01:48
  • Population Size & Density
    01:52
  • Introduction to Population Ecology Example 3
    01:51

Population Sampling Methods

  • Sampling Mobile Organisms: Mark & Recapture
    03:12
  • Population Sampling Methods Example 1
    01:54
  • Sampling Stationary Organisms: Transects & Quadrats
    02:31

Life History

  • Life History
    04:01
  • Life History: Population Reproductive Strategies
    02:51
  • Life History Example 1
    02:46

Population Demography

  • Life Tables
    03:49
  • Population Demography Example 1
    02:18
  • Survivorship Curves
    02:54

Factors Limiting Population Growth

  • Density-Dependent Factors
    02:37
  • Factors Limiting Population Growth
    00:51
  • Density-Dependent vs. Density-Independent Factors
    03:14

Introduction to Population Growth Models

  • Introduction to Population Growth Models Example 3
    02:52
  • Introduction to Population Growth Models
    01:09
  • Assumptions of Population Growth Models
    03:29

Linear Population Growth

  • Linear Population Growth
    02:47
  • Linear Population Growth Example 1
    01:39

Exponential Population Growth

  • Exponential Population Growth Example 2
    07:34
  • Exponential Population Growth
    03:05
  • Exponential Population Growth Equations
    06:35

Logistic Population Growth

  • Summary of Key Features & Assumptions for Each Population Growth Model
    07:28
  • Logistic Growth in a Limited Environment
    05:00
  • Logistic Population Growth Example 1
    04:28

r/K Selection

  • r/K Selection
    04:08
  • r/K Selection Example 1
    02:01

The Human Population

  • The Human Population Example 1
    02:36
  • The Human Population Example 2
    02:01
  • Age-Structure Affects a Country's Human Population Growth
    02:45

Introduction to Community Ecology

  • Introduction to Community Ecology
    02:03

Introduction to Community Interactions

  • Overview: Types of Community Interactions
    02:55
  • Introduction to Community Interactions Example 1
    02:23
  • Introduction to Community Interactions
    01:57

Community Interactions: Competition (-/-)

  • Resource Partitioning (Partial Niche Overlap)
    03:57
  • Competitive Exclusion Principle (Complete Niche Overlap)
    04:23
  • Community Interactions: Competition (-/-) Example 1
    04:23

Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/-)

  • 1) Exploitation (+/-): Predation
    01:42
  • 3) Exploitation (+/-): Parasitism
    02:37
  • Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/–)
    00:49

Community Interactions: Mutualism (+/+) & Commensalism (+/0)

  • Positive Interactions
    02:56
  • Summary of Community Interactions
    01:52

Community Structure

  • Community Structure Example 3
    02:22
  • Community Structure Example 1
    03:37
  • Community Structure
    04:25

Community Dynamics

  • Disturbances Make Communities Dynamic
    03:37
  • Secondary Ecological Succession
    02:31
  • Effects of Early-Arriving Species on Late-Arriving Species
    01:34

Geographic Impact on Communities

  • What is the Island Equilibrium Model?
    03:48
  • Geographic Impact on Communities Example 2
    03:54
  • Geographic Impact on Communities
    03:35

Introduction to Ecosystems

  • Grazing & Detritus-Based Food Chains
    03:29
  • Introduction to Ecosystems Example 2
    01:57
  • Introduction to Ecosystems
    04:07

Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

  • Gross Productive Energy vs. Assimilated Energy
    05:28
  • Energy Efficiency in Ecosystems
    06:28
  • Energy Flow Through Ecosystems Example 2
    07:07

Making Sense of Ecosystem Production & Efficiency

  • Making Sense of Ecosystem Production & Efficiency
    07:47
  • Financial Analogy for Ecosystem Production & Efficiency
    07:23

Energy & Biomass Pyramids

  • Energy & Biomass Pyramids
    05:41
  • Energy & Biomass Pyramids Example 1
    03:41

Factors Impacting Primary Production

  • Primary Production in Aquatic Ecosystems
    04:36
  • Factors Impacting Primary Production Example 1
    02:31
  • Primary Production in Terrestrial Ecosystems
    02:22

Biogeochemical Cycles

  • Biogeochemical Cycles Example 2
    02:40
  • Carbon Cycle
    04:20
  • Nitrogen Cycle
    08:32

Conservation Biology

  • Biodiversity Hotspots and Endangered Species
    04:32
  • Biodiversity and Sustainability
    05:06
  • Pollution and Climate Change
    03:36