BIO 1020 Exam #3 Study Guide – Fungi and Animal Diversity

Q10. Which tree depicts all of the currently recognized major groups of fungi?

Background

Topic: Fungal Phylogeny

This question tests your understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the major groups of fungi. You need to recognize the main fungal clades and how they are represented in phylogenetic trees.

Key Terms:

• Phylogenetic tree: A diagram showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.

• Major fungal groups: Chytrids, Zygomycetes, Glomeromycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Microsporidians.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Examine each tree in the provided image and identify the groups labeled on each.

2. List the major fungal groups you expect to see: Chytrids, Zygomycetes, Glomeromycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Microsporidians.

3. Check which tree includes all these groups and does not omit any major clade.

4. Compare the groupings and branching patterns to what you have learned in class notes and your textbook.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q31. In the figure below, the Deuterostomia clade is most closely related to which two main clades?

Background

Topic: Animal Phylogeny

This question is about interpreting a phylogenetic tree of animals to determine which clades are most closely related to Deuterostomia. Understanding the relationships among major animal groups is essential for this question.

Key Terms:

• Deuterostomia: A major clade of animals that includes echinoderms and chordates.

• Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa: Two other major clades within the Bilateria.

• Clade: A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Locate the Deuterostomia clade on the provided phylogenetic tree.

2. Identify the branches that are most closely related to Deuterostomia (i.e., those that share a recent common ancestor with it).

3. Look for the names of the main clades branching from the same node as Deuterostomia.

4. Compare these clades to the options provided in the question.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!