Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process of nitrogen fixation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen ($N_2$) into ammonia ($NH_3$) by certain bacteria, making nitrogen available to plants.

Question 2

A bacterium that can survive only in the absence of oxygen is classified as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobe

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes are essential for chemical recycling in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct comparison between Archaea and Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea often live in extreme environments, such as hot springs, while Bacteria are more commonly found in moderate environments.

Question 5

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell, which then became an organelle such as a mitochondrion or chloroplast.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations in plants?

Accepted Answer

A diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis, which grow into haploid gametophytes that produce gametes by mitosis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key adaptation that allowed plants to colonize land?

Accepted Answer

Development of a cuticle to reduce water loss

Question 9

Which of the following best distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed in fruits, while angiosperms produce seeds within fruits.

Question 10

A plant with vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers is most likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

Angiosperm

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the mycorrhizae in plant-fungi relationships?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption by plant roots.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main mode of nutrition for fungi?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients from their environment after external digestion

Question 13

A fungus that forms a mutualistic relationship with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake, is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhiza

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of bioremediation by prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to break down oil spills in the ocean

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between homosporous and heterosporous plants?

Accepted Answer

Homosporous plants produce one type of spore, while heterosporous plants produce two types: microspores and megaspores.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a fungal infection. Which of the following characteristics of fungi makes them difficult to treat with antibiotics designed for bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are eukaryotic and have cellular structures more similar to humans than to bacteria.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the ecological role of bryophytes in their environment?

Accepted Answer

They help retain water and prevent soil erosion in their habitats.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the fertilization process of angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

Pollen lands on the stigma, grows a pollen tube down the style, and sperm fertilizes the egg in the ovule.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why seed plants are more successful in dry terrestrial environments compared to seedless plants?

Accepted Answer

Seeds protect the embryo and allow it to remain dormant until conditions are favorable.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the dominant generation in the main plant groups?

Accepted Answer

In seed plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant.

BIO 1070 Exam 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance for Key Concepts

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