Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the pancreas regulates blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas releases insulin, which promotes the uptake of glucose by cells and the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, frequent urination, and high blood glucose levels. Laboratory tests reveal low insulin production. Which endocrine gland is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the structure of erythrocytes (red blood cells) is advantageous for their function?

Accepted Answer

Their biconcave shape increases surface area for gas exchange.

Question 4

During vigorous exercise, blood flow is redistributed in the body. Which of the following best describes this redistribution?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow to the skin and skeletal muscles increases, while flow to the digestive organs decreases.

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 6

A person with type A blood can safely receive which of the following blood types during a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type O

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions to regulate blood pH.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the path of blood through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the effect of a negative feedback mechanism in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits further hormone secretion once the desired effect is achieved.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with respiratory acidosis. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lung function causing retention of $$CO_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of old erythrocytes and immune surveillance

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the surface tension in alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lymph nodes are important in the spread of cancer (metastasis)?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph, trapping cancer cells that can then spread to other parts of the body.

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 16

A patient with a blocked common bile duct would have difficulty digesting which type of nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

The production of red blood cells in the bone marrow stimulated by erythropoietin

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

It maintains blood pH by converting $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$ into $$H_2CO_3$$, which then dissociates into $$H^+$$ and $$HCO_3$$^-$$.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to adjust heart rate and vessel diameter.

Question 20

A patient is experiencing metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following could be a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive vomiting leading to loss of gastric acid

BIO 111 Anatomy & Physiology II: Course Syllabus and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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