Question 1

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis in a human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

One diploid cell divides to form two genetically identical diploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

A dihybrid cross where alleles for seed color and seed shape are inherited independently.

Question 5

If a woman who is heterozygous for tongue rolling (Rr) marries a man who is a non-roller (rr), what is the probability that their child will be a tongue roller?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for relieving the tension ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 7

A mutation prevents transcription factors from binding to DNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase would not bind to the template DNA strand.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why origins of replication are rich in A-T base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A-T base pairs have two hydrogen bonds, making them easier to separate than G-C base pairs, which have three.

Question 9

Which process increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 10

A researcher grows E. coli in $$^{15}N ($$heavy nitrogen) and then switches the bacteria to $$^{14}N ($$light nitrogen) media. After one round of DNA replication, what is the expected composition of the DNA?

Accepted Answer

All DNA molecules will be hybrid, containing one $$^{15}N$$ strand and one $$^{14}N$$ strand.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is redundant, meaning more than one codon can code for the same amino acid.

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 13

A tRNA has the anticodon 5'–GAA–3'. What is the corresponding codon on the mRNA (read 5' to 3')?

Accepted Answer

5'–UUC–3'

Question 14

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Question 15

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase of interphase

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It extends the ends of linear chromosomes to prevent loss of genetic material during replication.

Question 17

A drug that prevents the complementary binding of tRNA with an mRNA molecule would most likely inhibit which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Both processes involve DNA replication during interphase.

Question 20

A flower with red petals (RR) is crossed with a flower with white petals (rr), and all offspring have pink petals (Rr). What type of inheritance is this?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

BIO201 Exam 4 Review: Cell Division, Mendelian Genetics, and Molecular Biology

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