Q: Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can?

Cellulose is made of $eta$-glucose, while starch is made of $oldsymbol{\alpha}$-glucose.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the second image, where a water molecule is removed to join two monomers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 2

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the glycerol and fatty acids, and what is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond; H$_2$O

Question 3

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its monomer components?

Accepted Answer

Lactose: glucose + galactose

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is made of $eta$-glucose, while starch is made of $oldsymbol{\alpha}$-glucose.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information storage

Question 7

What type of bond is responsible for the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 8

A mutation causes a single amino acid change in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which disease is most directly associated with this type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix, deoxyribose sugar, thymine base

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They increase the risk of coronary heart disease by raising LDL cholesterol.

Question 12

Which of the following bonds is responsible for holding together the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids and its biological significance?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allowing them to form cell membranes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Folding and stabilization by hydrogen bonds, forming alpha helices and beta sheets

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

It releases energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a structural polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose – cell wall structure in plants

Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Types

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