Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membranes and organelles that compartmentalize functions, allowing for increased cell size.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with circular DNA, no membrane-bound organelles, and a size of 2 μm. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Domain Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which transport mechanism is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 6

A researcher is studying a disease that affects the cytoskeleton of cells. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely to be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape maintenance and movement

Question 7

During an experiment, a scientist observes that a cell is using ATP to move sodium ions from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can form hydrogen bonds with charged and polar molecules.

Question 9

A patient receives antibodies through an injection after exposure to a toxin. Which type of immunity is this, and what is a key characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity; no memory cells are produced

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC markers in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They label the body's own cells as 'self' to prevent immune attack.

Question 11

After a second exposure to the same antigen, the immune response is faster and stronger than the first exposure. What is the main reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the first exposure enable a rapid secondary response.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing to prevent food or drink from entering the trachea.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why most cells are small rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct match between a cell organelle and its function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion – provides energy through cellular respiration

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of hydrogen bonds that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

They are weak bonds that allow water molecules to stick together, contributing to water's cohesion and high heat capacity.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of a carrier protein, without using energy

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of antibodies in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They bind to antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between active and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity involves the production of memory cells, while passive immunity does not.

Biology 105 Study Guide: Foundations of Life, Cells, Chemistry, Immunity, and Respiration

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