Question 1

Which features of water explain how it can be drawn up a tall tree from roots to leaves?

Accepted Answer

All the answers facilitate the movement of water from roots to leaves: cohesion, adhesion, and an increasingly negative water potential gradient.

Question 2

How are the changes in CO$$_2$$ concentration observed in a closed system with spinach leaves related to the leaves' physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

The decrease in CO$$_2$$ level in this system is caused by the plant using it during photosynthesis.

Question 3

A mutation prevents sucrose loading into phloem at the leaf. Which pattern of transport failure would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of sugars in mesophyll cells.

Question 4

In mammals, the aorta is part of the ____ circulation which carries ____ to the ____.

Accepted Answer

systemic, oxygenated blood, tissues

Question 5

When sugars are loaded into the phloem in a leaf, what happens to water movement in that area?

Accepted Answer

Water moves in to the phloem because sugar lowers water potential.

Question 6

In plants, solutes can travel via the _____ route in the cell walls and can only enter the cells by crossing the membrane, also known as the _____ route.

Accepted Answer

symplastic, transmembrane

Question 7

Lymphatic vessels have thin walls and one-way valves. How does this structure support their function?

Accepted Answer

It helps collect fluid from tissues and move it in one direction.

Question 8

Capillaries have a much larger total cross-sectional area than arteries. What effect does this have on blood flow speed?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows more slowly in capillaries.

Question 9

Blood flows from the systemic circulation into the ____.

Accepted Answer

left atrium

Question 10

The ____ valves ensure that blood does not back flow into the arteries.

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular

Question 11

Blood returning to the heart via the pulmonary veins will first enter into the ____.

Accepted Answer

left atrium

Question 12

Which statement is true about the events taking place during a regular (healthy) cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

During ventricular systole and atrial diastole, ventricular contraction pumps blood into the arteries.

Question 13

A major advantage of a double circulation system is that it:

Accepted Answer

Delivers blood to the body at higher pressure

Question 14

How does the balance of blood pressure and osmotic pressure across capillaries contribute to efficient nutrient and waste exchange?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure delivers nutrients; osmotic pressure returns water and wastes to blood

Biology 115: Circulation, Gas Exchange, and Plant Physiology Study Guidance

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