Question 1

A scientist is studying the effect of quinine on malaria parasites. She prepares a dilution series starting with a stock solution of 360 µg/mL quinine. Each step involves transferring 0.5 mL into 1.5 mL of solvent. What is the concentration of quinine in Tube D after three serial dilutions?

Accepted Answer

$$5.625\ \mu g/mL$$

Question 2

Which property of carbon makes it uniquely suited as the backbone of organic molecules in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It can form four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and stable molecular structures.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.

Question 4

A mutation in the HBA1 gene leads to sickle cell anemia. Which enzyme is responsible for introducing this mutation during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the reaction $$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

It is an endergonic reaction because the products have higher free energy than the reactants.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why hemoglobin cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane of red blood cells, but oxygen can?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is large and polar, while oxygen is small and nonpolar.

Question 7

A Punnett square is used to predict the offspring of two HAHS parents for the HBA1 gene. What is the probability that an offspring will be susceptible to malaria if exposed (i.e., have only round red blood cells)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a true statement about transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of the HS allele on evolutionary fitness in areas where malaria is present?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with the HS allele have increased survival because the allele provides resistance to malaria.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of mitochondria that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They have a single membrane like most organelles.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct match between a biomacromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 13

Which process increases genetic diversity in the daughter cells of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing light energy for photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype in sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

The HSHS genotype results in sickled red blood cells and susceptibility to sickle-cell anemia.

Question 17

Which of the following is a true statement about the movement of water when a red blood cell is placed in fresh water?

Accepted Answer

Water will diffuse into the cell, causing it to burst.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the daughter cells of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

They serve as gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin possesses primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure.

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