Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the formula for maltose ($$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}) is $$not simply twice the formula for glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) after a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule ($$H_2O) is $$removed during the formation of the glycosidic bond between two glucose molecules.

Question 2

A red-eyed female Drosophila (genotype $$X^R X^R) is $$crossed with a white-eyed male (genotype $$X^r Y). $$What is the expected genotype and phenotype ratio for their offspring?

Accepted Answer

All offspring will have red eyes; females: $$X^R X^r$$, males: $$X^R Y$$

Question 3

Why are X-linked recessive traits, such as white eyes in Drosophila, more commonly observed in males than in females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will result in the trait.

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 6

A couple has a child with type O blood. The mother is type A and the father is type B. Which of the following genotypes are possible for the parents?

Accepted Answer

Mother: $$I^A i$$, Father: $$I^B i$$

Question 7

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 8

If a protein is denatured, which level(s) of protein structure are most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Question 10

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 11

Which of the following is a result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a polynucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A polymer made of many nucleotide monomers joined together

Question 13

Which of the following is true about codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 15

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 16

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb) $$results in what phenotypic ratio in the offspring, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity at different temperatures.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a test cross?

Accepted Answer

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red-flowered and white-flowered snapdragons produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a carrier in the context of X-linked recessive disorders?

Accepted Answer

A female who is heterozygous for the disorder and does not show symptoms.

Biology Exam 3 Study Guide: Macromolecules, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Chromosomal Inheritance

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